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Pharm Unit 3 > Pharmacology of Substance Abuse (pharm of recreational drugs) > Flashcards

Pharmacology of Substance Abuse (pharm of recreational drugs) Flashcards

1
Q

How do most CNS depressants work?

A

most augment activity at GABA A receptor complexes–> increasing Cl- influx–> hyperpolarization of the cell–> Inhibitory actions

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2
Q

What 2 major factors does alcohol absorption depend upon?

A
  1. Concentration of alcoholic beverages

2. Stomach: empty vs. full

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3
Q

What drug is used for aversion therapy to help treat chronic alcoholism?

A

Disulfiram–> inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, resulting toxicity form acetaldehyde–> leads to symptoms such as pulsating headache, nausea, hot, vomiting, chest pain, weakness, dizziness, etc…

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4
Q

Treatment(s) for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?

A
  1. Ethyl alcohol

2. An alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor- Fomepizol

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5
Q

What is the main mechanism of the CNS stimulant drugs (methamphetamine, cocaine etc.)?

A

increase CNS catecholamine/dopamine activity

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6
Q

How does cocaine specifically work?

A

inhibits uptake of NE, DA and 5HT

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7
Q

How do amphetamines and the cathinone synthetic drugs work?

A

reverse the transporters for NE, DA and 5HT causing their release

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of caffeine?

A

antagonist at inhibitory adenosine receptors

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of nicotine?

A

activates nAChRs on VTA dopamine neurons leading to increased DA release in nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

Which receptor do the hallucinogens target?

A

5HT

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11
Q

Which receptors do the opiates target?

A

opioid

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12
Q

Which receptors do cannabis work through?

A

cannabinoid

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13
Q

What is the more specific mechanism of action of LSD, mescaline and psilocybin?

A
  • agonist at 5HT2A receptors on Raphe cell bodyleading to inhibition of Raphe Nuclei firing and increased sensory input
  • partial dopamine agonist
  • *all show cross tolerance with each other**
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14
Q

What are some of the side effects of LSD, mescaline and psilocybin?

A
  • bad trips (anxiety attack, panic attack)
  • flashbacks
  • “street drug” lifestyle
  • *no overdoses, birth defects, or chronic psychoses linked to LSD**
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15
Q

What is the more specific mechanism of PCP?

A
  • antagonist of ion channel associated with NMDA

- agonist at mu-opioid receptor

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16
Q

What are some of the side effects of PCP?

A
  • violent behavior
  • coma
  • seizures
  • arrest
  • inexplicable psychoses
  • dissociation
  • confusion
  • ataxia
  • marked nystagmus
17
Q

What are the effects of LSD?

A

altered perceptions (from increased sensory input)

  • mood changes
  • loss of ego boundaries
  • magical thinking
18
Q

What are the chemical properties of THC (solubility, metabolism, tolerance)?

A
  • highly lipid soluble
  • metabolized by P450 with some induction
  • tolerance from P450 metabolism
19
Q

Where are CB1 and CB2 receptors located and what are their effects?

A

CB1-brain–>euphoria

CB2-periphery–>immune system

20
Q

Which drugs are included in the miscellaneous class?

A

PCP and ketamine-NMDA antagonists
Club drugs-MDMA, GHB, Meth
Date rape drugs-–  Flunitrazepam (rohypnol), ketamine and GHB

21
Q

What are the 3 enzymes used in the metabolism of alcohol?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and CYP2E1

22
Q

What order kinetic is the metabolism of alcohol and what is the limiting factor?

A

zero order, limited by supply NAD+

23
Q

The enzyme CYP2E1 is not always used in the metabolism of alcohol, so when is it used?

A
  • at high levels or in chronic use
  • can be induced by chronic exposure to alcohol
  • *metabolizes many other drugs also!!**
24
Q

What is “alcohol sensitivity”?

A

genetic variations in enzyme activity (common in asians)

25
Q

What can amphetamines be prescribed for and what are some side effects?

A
  • treat: narcolepsy and ADHD

- side effects: vasospasm leading to stroke/MI, arrythmia, and wieght loss

26
Q

What might cocaine be used therapeutically for and what are some side effects?

A
  • treat: topical anesthetic-it is vasoconstrictor and local anesthetic
  • side effects: paranoia, and aggression
27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of namifene and what is it used for?

A
  • opioid receptor antagonist

- used to treat opiate overdose

28
Q

What is anandamide?

A

endogenous canabinoid

29
Q

What are dronabinol and nabilone and what are they used for?

A
  • synthetic THC
  • anti-emetic and anti-nausea
  • *less psychoactive effects then marijuana**
30
Q

What are some of the possible side effects of marijuana use?

A
  • may impair reproductive function in adolescent
  • heavy use may impair development of very young users
  • possible respiratory damage due to tar
  • vasodilation –> tachycardia
  • dilation of conjunctival vessels
  • bronchodilation
  • decreased intraocular pressure
  • hunger

Pharm Unit 3 (14 decks)

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