Pharmacology Of LA

Question 1

What’re the 4 ways in which LA can be produced

Answer 1

Cooling
Pressure
Hypoxia (lack of O2)
True LA (applied to nerve fibres)

Question 2

There are 2 pain anaesthetic groups, what are they

Answer 2

Amide group
Ester group

Question 3

Bot the amide and ester group of LA contain a ______ which allows _______ and a _______ which allows for ______

Answer 3

Lipophilic aromatic terminal (lipid solubility)
Hydrophilic amino terminal (water solubility)

Question 4

In what states do the Na+ channels have the highest affinity for LA

Answer 4

Activated/inactivated

Question 5

What’s the effect of acidosis on LA

Answer 5

• reduces LA action
• pulpitis = ID block loss of effectiveness

Question 6

What’s tonic blockage (low frequency stimulation)

Answer 6

Long intervals between action potentials
Level of inhibition is the same

Question 7

What’s phasic blockage (high frequency stimulation)

Answer 7

Short intervals between action potentials
Inhibitual increases with each impulse

Question 8

How does Local Anaesthetic System Toxicity (LAST) effect:
- cardiac system
- CNS

Answer 8

Cardiac system:
- contractile irregularities
CNS
- confusion
- dizziness
- drowsiness