Pain

Question 1

What receptors are stimulated in long fibre stimulation

Answer 1

Mechanoreceptors

Question 2

What receptors are associated with small fibre stimulation

Answer 2

Nociceptors

Question 3

What’s the gate control theory of pain referring to

Answer 3

When one gate is open the other isn’t
Large fibre stimulation can block small fibre stimulation

Question 4

What does SOCRATES stand for

Answer 4

Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Associations
Time course
Exacerbation (what relieves the pain)
Severity

Question 5

What’s the best model for dealing with chronic pain

Answer 5

Biopsychosocial model

Question 6

Nociceptors
- where are they found in the body
- describe the physiology of them

Answer 6

Peripheral
Unmyelinated nerve endings

Question 7

What’s hyperalgesia

Answer 7

Hyper sensitivity to pain

Question 8

What’s released when tissue damage & inflammation occur (3)

Answer 8

Prosteogladins
Bradykinins
Histamines

Question 9

Nociceptors are polymodal (true or false)
+ why

Answer 9

True
Respond to multiple reactions
1. Mechanical
2. Thermal
3. Chemical

Question 10

All sensory transducers work in the same way, what’re the 4 steps
1. ____= changes shape of _____
2. Alters ________
3. Produces _____ _______
4. ____ -> ____ -> CNS

Answer 10

1. Stimulus = changes shape of nerve endings
2. Alters membrane potential
3. Produced receptor potential
4. Action potential-> axon -> CNS

Question 11

What does cutaneous mean

Answer 11

In skin

Question 12

What does the difference of diameter of axons do to the conduction of afferents

Answer 12

Larger diameter = rapid conduction

Question 13

What type of receptors have a large axon diameter

Answer 13

Low threshold Mechanoreceptors

Question 14

What type of receptors have a small axon diameter

Answer 14

Nociceptors
Thermoreceptors

Question 15

What’s the difference in sensation between first and second pain

Answer 15

First pain = sharp
Second pain = dull ache

Question 16

What fibres are present in first pain

Answer 16

A-delta fibres

Question 17

what fibres are present in second pain

Answer 17

C-fibres

Question 18

What’s the onset & duration of first pain

Answer 18

Onset= rapid
Duration = short

Question 19

What’s the onset& duration of second pain

Answer 19

Onset= slow
Duration = persistent

Question 20

What’s the difference between afferents & efferents

Answer 20

Afferents = somatic receptor -> CNS
Efferents = NCS -> peripheral structures

Question 21

Where in the spinal cord are nociceptors fibre cell bodies found

Answer 21

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 22

When afferent terminals enter the dorsal horn, they travel up and down a short distance in the _____________

Answer 22

Zone of Lissauer

Question 23

What’s referred pain

Answer 23

Visceral pain is perceived as having cutaneous source

Question 24

Cross talk is said to cause referred pain explain

Answer 24

Nociceptors afferents from viscera + skin enter spinal cords through common routes + can get confused

Question 25

What’s the contralateral pathway

Answer 25

Sensory inputs in the spinal cord can move in opposite directions

Question 26

In the triageminal system do the afferents have small or large diameter

Answer 26

Small

Question 27

What’s phantom pain

Answer 27

Pain w no sensory input

Question 28

hats endogenous analgesia

Answer 28

When the body produces its own pain relieving chemicals (eg. Endorphins)

Question 29

Physiological pain can also be called Pathological pain can also be called

Answer 29

Acute Chronic