Pharmacology of Hypertension Flashcards
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor Angiotensin receptor blockers Calcium channels blockers Thiazide / Thiazide-like diuretics
What are angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors used for?
- ACE inhibitors are used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and acute myocardial infarction
What is the primary drug target of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?
- Angiotensin converting enzyme
What is the drug target type of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?
- Enzyme antagonist
What is the location of action of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?
- Endothelium (Lungs & Kidneys)
What is the mechanism of action of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?
- Inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme
- Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by ACE
- Decrease sympathetic nervous stimulation
- Decrease vasoconstriction
- Decrease Blood Pressure
What are the main adverse effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (6)?
- Cough
- Hypotension
- Hyperkalaemia
- Foetal injury
- Renal failure
- Urticaria / Angioedema
Give 3 examples of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
- Ramipril
- Lisinopril
- Perindopril
What considerations should be taken when prescribing angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?
-
Hepatic considerations:
- Most ACE inhibitors (not lisinopril) are pro-drugs (they require hepatic activation to generate metabolites required for therapeutic effects)
-
Renal considerations:
- eGFR and serum pottasium must be regularly monitored when prescribing ACE inhibitors
What are angiotensin receptor blockers used for?
- Angiotensin receptor blockers are used to treat hypertension, delay progression of diabetic nephropathy, and treat congestive heart failure
What is the primary drug target of angiotensin receptor blockers?
- Angiotensin receptor
What is the drug target type of angiotensin receptor blockers?
- Receptor antagonists
What is the location of action of angiotensin receptor blockers?
- Kidneys and Vasculature
What is the mechanisms of action of angiotensin receptor blockers?
- Angiotensin receptor blockers act as non-competitive antagonists at AT1 receptor
- Decrease sympathetic nervous stimulation
What are the main adverse side effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (4)?
- Hypotension
- Hyperkalaemia
- Foetal injury
- Renal failure
Give 3 example of angiotensin receptor blockers.
- Losartan
- Irbesartan
- Candesartan