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Respiratory Medicine > Pharmacology of Asthma > Flashcards

Pharmacology of Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different triggers for asthma?

A

Infection
Allergy
Exercise
NSAID asthma

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2
Q

What is allergy induced asthma also known as?

A

Atopic asthma

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3
Q

What might cause allergy induced asthma?

A

Smoke

Dust mites

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4
Q

What are the two stages of an asthma attack?

A

Early: Brochospasm
Late: Inflammation

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5
Q

What is SABA?

A

Short acting beta agonist

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6
Q

What is an example of a SABA?

A

Salbutamol

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action for SABA?

A

Targets the Beta 2 adrenergic receptor on bronchiole smooth muscle cells

Acts as an agonist

Reduces Ca2+ entry and prevents smooth muscle contraction

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8
Q

What does activation of the M2 muscarinic receptors?

A

Bronchoconstriction

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9
Q

What is the LAMA?

A

Long acting muscarinic antagonist

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10
Q

What is a nebuliser?

A

Delivers the drug directly and locally

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11
Q

What is a spacer?

A

Makes inhalers easier to use and delivers the drug more effectively

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12
Q

What is the difference between oral or inhaled delivery?

A

Inhalation delivers drug directly and locally
Goes straight to the site of action, less likelihood of being broken down via enzymes in the liver
Faster action
Orally goes via the mouth into the stomach and undergoes first past metabolism

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13
Q

Why is a nebuliser used in an emergency situation?

A

Do not need coordination

Delivers mist automatically

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14
Q

What are the advantages of a nebuliser?

A

Many drug solutions
Can deliver combinations
Minimal patient cooperation required
Can deliver to patient of all ages

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15
Q

What percentage of SABA is able to influence lung function?

A

20% penetrates deep enough into the lungs to be able to influence lung function

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16
Q

What happens to the other 80% of inhaled salbutamol?

A 
Oesophagus
Goes into oral cavity Absorbed by mucus membrane
Exhalation 
Muco-cillary clearance 
Absorbed by Lung
17
Q

Why is spacer useful?

A

Reduces extent of loss via exhalation

Lower percentage of drug that is delivered immediately so less is breathed out

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of fluticasone?

A

Acts on the Glucocorticoid receptor located on immune cells specifically eosinophils in asthma

Reduces action of IL-5

Reduces the number of immune cells and therefore inflammatory response

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Montelukast?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

Blocks the leukotriene receptors reducing bronchorestrictive effects

Decreased bronchoconstriction

20
Q

What is NSAID induced asthma?

A

NSAIDs block cyclo-oxygenases
Increses arachidonic acid
Increases leukotrienes
Bronchoconstiction via over activation of leukotrienes

Respiratory Medicine (12 decks)

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