Pharmacology: Infection Flashcards
What is Penicillin and what can it treat?
A broad spectrum antibiotic
Ear, throat and UTIs
Examples of Penicillin
Ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin G, and nafcillin
What is the action of penicillin?
Weakens and destroys cell walls of bacteria but do not damage human host
Adverse drug reactions of penicillin
Allergy (rash, hives)
diarrhea
nausea
vomiting
CAN RESULT IN C-DIFF OR CANDIDIASIS
Interventions when patients are taking penicillin
monitor GI manifestations
tell patient to take with food
monitor for candida in vagina or mouth
after administering monitor for allergic reactions
What to know about administering penicillin
Do not crush or chew
Take with food to decrease GI manifestations
Contraindications and Precautions of penicillin
Never take if allergic
use in caution with people with renal impairment
Other drug interactions with penicillin
Probenecid increases blood levels of penicillin
penicillin can reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptives
What are Cephalosporins?
Broad spectrum antibiotic similar to penicillin
Examples of cephalosporins
cefazolin, cefaclor, ceftiaxone
(remember cef- prefix)
what is an adverse reaction for IV cephalosporins?
Thrombophlebitis
Other adverse reactions for cephalosporins?
bloody stools
water diarrhea
Interventions for cephaosporins
monitor PTT, INR
Monitor BUN and creatinine
contraindications for cephalosporins
avoid if patient has milk-protein allergy
caution for renal failure and GI disease
Drug interactions
alcohol
IV calcium and ceftriaxone can cause precipitate to occur in lungs and kidneys
