Pharmacology General Information Flashcards
1
Q
“PROPHYLACTIC” DESCRIBES:
A
A “PREVENTING” MEDICAL PROCEDURE
DIVIDED BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PROPHYLAXIS
(ONE LITERALLY PREVENTS, THE OTHER TREATS TO PREVENT FURTHER PATHOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT)
2
Q
4 FREQUENTLY USED METHODS OF INHALATION ARE:
A
NEBULIZERS, METERED-DOSE AEROSOL, TURBO INHALERS or VAPORIZERS
3
Q
A BIOASSAY IS:
A
THE RELATIVE THERAPUTIC EFFECTIVENESS
BY ACSERTAINING BIOEQUIVALANCE
4
Q
A BOLUS IS:
A
A SINGLE, OFTEN LARGE DOSE OF MEDICATION.
5
Q
A CONTRAINDICATION IS:
A
A MEDICAL OR PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION PRESENT IN THE PATIENT THAT WOULD MAKE ADMINISTRATION OF A OTHERWISE THERAPEUTICALLY VALUABLE MEDICATION INAPPROPRIATE OR HARMFUL
6
Q
A CUMULATIVE ACTION OCCURS WHEN:
A
A MEDICATION IS ADMINISTERED IN SEVERAL DOSES, CAUSING AN INCREASED EFFECT
(DUE TO A AND QUANTITATIVE, CHRONOLOGICAL BUILDUP OF THE MEDICATION’S BLOOD CONCENTRATION)
7
Q
A DEPRESSANT IS:
A
A MEDICATION THAT DECREASES OR LESSENS A BODY FUNCTION OR ACTIVITY
8
Q
A DRUG IS:
A
ANY SUBSTANCE INTRODUCED INTO THE BODY THAT CHANGES A BODY FUNCTION
9
Q
A DRUG’S CHEMICAL NAME DESCRIBES ITS:
A
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
10
Q
A GENERIC NAME IS:
A
AN ABBREVIATED VERSION OF OF THE CHEMICAL NAME
11
Q
A GLASS CONTAINER WITH A THIN NECK, USUALLY SCORED AND SNAPPED OFF IS AN:
A
AMPULE
12
Q
A MEDICATION IS:
A
A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE USE OF DRUGS OR SIMILAR AGENTS IM A THERAPEUTIC MEDICAL SETTING
13
Q
A MEDICATION THAT INCREASES A BODILY FUNCTION IS CALLED A:
A
STIMULANT!
14
Q
A PARAMEDIC IS ESSENTIALLY WORKING UNDER THE LICENCE OF:
A
THE PHYSICIAN PROVIDING MEDICAL CONTROL
“MEDICAL DIRECTOR”
15
Q
A SOLUTE IS:
A
A POWDER (MEDICATION) THAT IS DISSOLVED IN A LIQUID (SOLVENT)
16
Q
A SOLVENT IS:
A
THE LIQUID INTO WHICH A MEDICATION (SOLUTE) IS DISSOLVED
17
Q
A THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION GROUPS MEDICATIONS BY:
A
THEIR THERAPUTIC USE or EFFECT (anti-hypertensives)
18
Q
A TYPICAL MEDICATION PROFILE INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING 11 SPECIFIC INFORMATIONS:
A
NAMES CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS PHARMACOKINETICS SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE REACTIONS
19
Q
ADENOSINE IS USED TO TREAT:
A
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
20
Q
ADULTURATION MEANS:
A
TO MAKE IMPURE BY ADDING EXTRANEOUS, IMPROPER, OR INFERIOR INGREDIENTS
21
Q
AN “UNTOWARD” (ADVERSE) EFFECT IS:
A
A SIDE EFFECT THAT PROVES HARMFUL TO THE PATIENT
22
Q
AN ASSAY DETERMINES:
A
THE AMOUNT OF PURITY OF A GIVEN CHEMICAL IN A LABORATORY PREPARATION
23
Q
AN IDIOSYNCRASY IS:
A
AN INDIVIDUAL REACTION TO A MEDICATION THAT IS UNUSUALLY DIFFERENT FROM THAT SEEN IN THE REST OF THE POPULATION
24
Q
AN INDICATION IS:
A
A MEDICAL CONDITION(S) IN WHICH THE MEDICATION HAS PROVEN TO BE OF THERAPEUTIC VALUE
25
ANTAGONISM SIGNIFIES:
THE OPPOSITION BETWEEN 2 OR MORE MEDICATIONS
26
ARE ABSOLUTE EFFICACY MEASUREMENTS POSSIBLE?
NO
27
AS TIME PASSES, THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PARAMEDIC ARE:
INCREASING
28
BIOAVAILABILITY DESCRIBES:
THE DEGREE TO WHICH A DRUG BECOMES ABSORBED AND REACHES GENERAL CIRCULATION
29
COMMON EXAMPLES OF SYTHETICALLY DERIVED EMERGENCY MEDICATIONS ARE:
FENTANYL, ADENOSINE, AND DIAZEPAM
30
DESPITE MEDICATIONS NOT BEING 'OFFICIALLY' LABELED FOR FORMALLY UNTESTED CONDITIONS, DO DOCTORS STILL MAY PRESCRIBE IT FOR SUCH USES, PHARMACICSTS STILL MAY DISPENSE THEM FOR SUCH USES, AND A NURSE OR PARAMEDIC STILL MAY ADMINISTER IT FOR SUCH USES. IS THIS TRUE?
YES!
31
DIAZEPAM IS USED FOR:
SEIZURES, ANXIETY, PSYCHIATRIC INDICATIONS
32
DIFFERENT FORMS MEDICATIONS COME MANUFACTORED IN ARE:
```
LIQUIDS
SOLIDS
SUPPOSITORIES
OVULES
INHALANTS
SPRAYS
```
33
DIGITALIS IS A SPECIES OF ABOUT 20 SPECIES OF PLANTS COMMONLY CALLED:
FOXGLOVES
34
DIGOXIN AND DIGITOXIN ARE THERAPEUTICALY CALLED:
CARDIAC GLYCOCIDES
OR
CARDIOGLYCOCIDES
35
DIVERSION IS:
THE USE OF PRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS FOR RECREATIONAL OR NONTHERAPEUTIC PURPOSES
36
DRUG CONTROL IN CANADA FALLS UNDER THE DIRECT SUPERVISION OF THE:
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
37
DRUGS ARE IDENTIFIED BY 4 DIFFERENT NAMES:
CHEMICAL
GENERIC
TRADE
OFFICAL
38
DRUGS COMPANIES ARE FORBIDDEN FROM MARKETING AND PROMOTING A MEDICATION FOR:
OFF-LABEL INDICATIONS
39
DRUGS IN A MEDICAL SETTING ARE CALLED:
MEDICATIONS
40
EFFICACY REFERS TO:
HOW WELL THE DRUG WORKS IN TERMS OF TREATMENT EFFECT
41
ELIXIRS ARE:
PREPERATIONS THAT CONTAIN THE MEDICATION IN AN ALCOHOL SOLVENT
FLAVORING, OFTEN CHERRY, IS ADDED TO IMPROVE TASTE
(Tylenol Elixir)
42
EMPIRICAL MEANS:
A SKILL OR KNOWLEDGE BASED ENTIRELY ON EXPERIENCE (THE SENSES)
43
EMULSIONS ARE:
PREPERATIONS IN WHICH AN OILY SUBSTANCE IS MIXED WITH A SOLVENT INTO WHICH IT DOES NOT DISSOLVE
IT FORMS GLOBULES OF FAT FLOATING IN THE SOLVENT
44
ENZYMES PRODUCES BY LIVING CELLS ACT AS:
CATALYSTS
45
FACTORS AFFECTING BIOAVAILABILITY INCLUDE:
PARTICLE SIZE
CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE
SOLUBILITY
POLARITY of the compound
46
FENTANYL IS USED TO TREAT:
PAIN
47
HABITUATION IS:
PHYSICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE ON A DRUG
48
HYPERSENSITIVITY IS:
A REACTION TO A SUBSTANCE THAT IS NORMALLY MORE PROFOUND THAN SEEN IN A POPULATION NOT SENSITIVE TO THE SUBSTANCE
(PENICILLIN)
49
IN MANY CASES A SOCIETY'S ATTITUDE AND VALUES, RATHER THAN FORMAL CONTROLS, DETERMINE:
THE ACCEPTABLE LIMITS OF MEDICATION USE
50
IS IT TRUE THAT PHARM COMPANIES TEST MEDICATIONS ON AMINALS BEFORE TESTING THEM ON HUMANS?
YES!
51
LIQUID MEDICATIONS (most meds in EMS) ADMINISTERED INTO THE BODY THROUGH INTRAMUSCULAR, SUBCUTANEOUS, OR INTRAVENOUS ROUTES ARE CALLED:
PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS
52
MAGNESIUM SULFATE (EPSOM SALTS) IS USED TO TREAT:
ECLAMPSIA AND CERTAIN CARDIAC EMERGENCIES
53
MANY ORPHAN DRUGS REMAIN WITHOUT:
DEVELOPERS
54
MANY USEFUL ORPHAN DRUGS REMAIN ORPHANS BECAUSE:
MANUFACTURERS CANNOT HOPE TO RECORVER THE HUGE AMOUNTS OF MONEY SPENT IN DEVELOPING A NEW MEDICATION
55
MEDICATION PROFILES MAY ALSO INCLUDE ANOTHER COMPONENT:
INTERACTIONS
56
MEDICATIONS THAT SHARE SIMILAR (CHEMICAL) CHARACTERISTICS ARE GROUPED TOGETHER AS:
A PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS
| FAMILY
57
MINERAL ARE SOMETIMES COMBINED WITH OTHER INGREDIENTS TO YIELD:
ACIDS, BASES, OR SALTS
A-B-S
58
MORPHINE IS MADE FROM:
OPIUM
59
NOT MARKETED WIDELY, ORPHAN DRUGS TREAT:
ORPHAN DISEASES: DISEASES THAT AFFECT FEWER THAN 200,000 PEOPLE
60
OFF-LINE CONTROL IS:
ASPECTS OF MEDICAL OVERSIGHT THAT DO NOT INVOLVE DIRECT (IN-THE-MOMENT) MEDICAL CONTROL
SYSTEM DESIGN
PROTOCOL
DEVELOPMENT
61
ON-LINE MEDICAL CONTROL REFERS TO:
ORDERS GIVEN TO A PARAMEDIC BY THE "BASE" PHYSICIAN
62
OXYTOCIN IS USED TO:
INDUCE LABOR AND TREAT CERTAIN TYPES OF VAGINAL BLEEDING
63
PARAMEDICS SHOULD VIEW THE MEDICAL DIRECTOR AS:
A RESOURCE WHO WILL PROVIDE CONSTRUCTIVE FEEDBACK
AND ANSWER QUESTIONS AS THEY ARISE
64
PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE IN 4 PACKAGING STYLES:
VIALS
AMPULES
SYRINGES (or self contained systems)
NEBULES
65
PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS MUST BE!!:
STERILE!!!!!
66
PATIENTS AND CONDITIONS THAT DO NOT RESPOND TO A MEDICATION ARE SAID TO BE:
REFRACTORY
| a patient with supraventricular tachycardia contractions who does not respond to adenosine
67
PDR stands for:
PHYSICIANS DESK REFERENCE
68
PHARMACOPEIA IS:
A BOOK CONTAINING -
IDENTIFICATION AND PREPERATION OF COMPOUND MEDICINE SAMPLES
69
POTENTIATION IS:
THE ENHANCEMENT OF ONE MEDICATION'S EFFECTS BY ANOTHER
| barbiturates and alcohol
70
PURITY IS
THE UNCONTAMINATED STATE OF A "ONE ACTIVE COMPONENT" DRUG
71
Pharmacognosy is
THE STUDY OF THE NATURAL 3 DRUG SOURCES - PLANTS - ANIMALS - MINERALS
72
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY INVOLVES:
TAKING GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA) FROM ONE ORGANISM AND PLACING IT INTO ANOTHER
-ALSO CALLED GENETIC ENGINEERING
73
REGARDING DRUG RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION: HOW MANY HUMAN TEST PHASES ARE THERE?
4
74
REGARDING PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS, WHAT KIND OF PACKING IS OFTEN USED DURING CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION?
PREFILLED SYRINGES
| SELF CONTAINED SYSTEMS
75
SAFETY and TOXICITY ARE DETEREMINED BY:
THE INCIDENCE OF SEVERITY OF REPORTED ADVERSE REACTIONS TO THE USE OF A DRUG
76
SODIUM BICARBONATE IS USED TO TREAT:
SEVERE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
77
SOLID MEDICATIONS ARE ADMINISTERED BY THESE TWO ROUTES:
ORALLY
RECTALLY
78
SOLID MEDICATIONS INCLUDE:
POWDERS
CAPSULES
TABLETS
79
SOLUTES ARE PREPERATIONS THAT CONTAIN:
THE MEDICATION DISSOLVED IN A SOLVENT (USUALLY WATER)
80
SOME E.M.S MEDICATIONS HAVE VERY LIMITED:
TOLERANCE FOR EXTREMES IN TEMPERATURE
81
SOME HARMFUL EFFECTS MAY NOT APPEAR FOR:
A CONSIDERABLE TIME
82
SPIRITS ARE:
SOLUTIONS CONTAINING VOLATILE CHEMICALS DISSOLVED IN ALCOHOL
| SPIRIT OF AMMONIA
83
STANDING PROTOCOLS ARE:
DIRECTIVES THAT ALLOW A PARAMEDIC TO TREAT PATIENTS WITHOUT SPEAKING TO A PHYSICIAN.
84
STANDING PROTOCOLS DO NOT:
FACILITATE A SPECIFIC DIAGNOSIS
85
STANDING PROTOCOLS FACILITATE:
MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC PRESENTING SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
86
SUBLINGUAL MEANS:
ALLOWING TO DISSOLVE UNDER THE TONGUE
87
SUPPOSITORIES PRODUCE 2 TYPES OF EFFECTS:
LOCAL - ANALGESIC, LAXATIVE, ANTI-INFECTIVE
SYSTEM -ANALGESIC ANTIEMETIC, ANTIPYRETIC
88
SUPPOSITORIES REQUIRE REFRIGERATION UNTIL THEY ARE ADMINISTERED BECAUSE:
THEY MELT AT BODY TEMPERATURE
89
SUPPOSSITORIES ARE SOLID MEDICATIONS ADMINISTERED VIA THESE 2 ROUTES:
RECTALLY and VAGINALLY
90
SUSPENSIONS ARE MEDICATIONS THAT:
DO NOT REMAIN DISSOLVED
| TEND TO SEPERATE EVEN AFTER SHORT PERIODS
ALWAYS MUST BE SHAKEN WELL BEFORE USE
91
SYNERGISM IS:
THE COMBINED ACTION OF TWO MEDICATIONS
-THE ACTION IS MUCH STRONGER THAN THE EFFECT OF EITHER MEDICATION ADMINISTERED SEPERATELY
92
SYNTHETIC IS:
A SUBSTANCE MADE BY COMBINING TWO OR MORE SIMPLER COMPOUNDS (In a laboratory setting - Nader)
93
SYRUPS ARE:
MEDICATIONS SUSPENDED IN VISCOUS SUGARWATER TO IMPROVE THE TASTE
(COUGH SYRUP)
94
THE LEVEL OF INVOLVMENT OF THE MEDICAL DIRECTOR WITHIN AN EMS SYSTEM VARIES. IS THIS TRUE?
YES!
95
THE MEDICAL DIRECTOR CAN BE FOUND MEDICOLEGALLY LIABLE IN CASES OF LITIGATION INVOLVING PREHOSPITAL CARE. IS THIS TRUE?
YES!
96
THE OFFICIAL CANADIAN PHARMACOPEIA IS CALLED:
COMPENDIUM OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND SPECIALTIES,
| CPS
97
THE OFFICIAL NAME IS THE STANDARDIZATION PUBLICATION NAME AND US USUALLY THE SAME AS:
THE GENERIC NAME
98
THE TRADE NAME IS ALSO CALLED THE:
BRAND NAME
99
THE UNAVOIDABLE, UNDESIRED EFFECTS FREQUENTLY SEEN EVEN IN THERAPEUTIC MEDICATION DOSAGES ARE CALLED?
SIDE EFFECTS!
100
THE USE OF MEDICATIONS FOR 'OFF LABEL' INDICATIONS IS BASED ON:
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
101
THERAPEUTIC ACTION IS:
THE DESIRED, INTENDED ACTION OF A MEDICATION GIVEN IN THE APPROPRIATE MEDICAL CONDITION
102
TINCTURES ARE:
MEDICATIONS EXTRACTED CHEMICALLY WITH ALCOHOL
| USUALLY SOME DILUTE ALCOHOL LIKE IODINE
103
TO BE INSERTED PROPERLY, SUPPOSITORIES REQUIRE:
LUBRICATION
104
TO ESTIMATE BIOAVAILABILITY ONE MUST MEASURE:
THE BLOOD or TISSUE CONCENTRATION OF THE DRUG
105
TO ADULTERATE MEANS:
TO MAKE IMPURE BY ADDING EXTRANEOUS, IMPROPER, OR INFERIOR INGREDIENTS
106
TOLERANCE IS:
AN INCREASED REQUIREMENT FOR LARGER AND LARGER DOSAGES IN PATIENTS RECEIVING MEDICATIONS ON A LONG TERM BASIS
107
TREATMENT PROTOCOLS ARE:
TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR PREHOSPITAL CARE - MAY INVOLVE STANDING ORDERS or OLMC (on-line medical control)
108
TWO EMERGENCY MEDICATIONS DERIVED FROM MINERAL SOURECES ARE:
SODIUM BICARBONATE AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE
109
TWO EXAMPLES OF HORMONE MEDICATION DERIVED FROM ANIMAL SOURCES ARE:
INSULIN AND OXYTOCIN
110
The 4 main drugs sources are
PLANTS, ANIMALS, MINERALS, THE LABORATORY
111
The active agent in foxglove plant
DIGITALIS GLYCOSIDES
112
The most important type of active component is
THE ALKALOIDS
| ONE OF THE LARGEST GROUPS OF ACTIVE COMPONENTS) (ACT AS ALKALI
113
The study of drugs and their actions on the body
PHARMACOLOGY
114
VACCINES ARE:
SUSPENSIONS OF
KILLED, MODIFIED, OR ATTENUATED
MICROORGANISMS
115
VIALS ARE:
BOTTLES SEALED WITH A RUBBER DIAPHRAGM AND MAY CONTAIN A SINGLE OR MULTIPULE DOSES
(multi-dose vials contain preservatives that enable them to be used more than once
116
WHAT 2 PARTS OF ANIMALS ACCOUNT FOR A LARGE SOURCE OF MEDICATIONS?
BODILY FLUIDS - GLANDS
117
WHAT 3 LETTERS DO THE NAMES OF ALKALOIDS AND THERI SALTS USUALLY END IN?
-INE
| ATROP'INE' SULFATE
118
WHAT ARE NEBULES USED FOR?
THEY ARE USED FOR MEDICATIONS THAT ARE PREMIXED
| ventolin and atrovent
119
WHAT YEARLY AMENDED "ACT" PROVIDES REGULATIONS FOR DRUG MANUFACTORE AND SALE IN CANADA?
THE FOOD AND DRUG ACT
120
WHAT'S THE NAME OF A POWDERED OR LIQUID FORM OF MEDICATION THAT IS GIVEN USING THE RESPITORY ROUTE AND IS ABSORBED RAPIDLY BY THE RICH SUPPLY OF CAPILLARIES IN THE LUNGS?
AN INHALANT.
121
WHEN A POTENTIAL DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY PROBLEM ARISES WITH A MEDICATION, THE FDA MAY REQUIRER THE MAKER TO PROMINENTELY DISPLAY A:
"BLACK BOX" WARNING
122
WHEN ARE SAFETY AND EFFICACY REFINED?
CONSTANTLY
123
WHICH DEADLY PLANT IS ATROPINE DERIVED FROM?
THE "DEADLY NIGHTSHADE PLANT" - ATROPA BELLADONNA
124
WHY DO ALKALOIDS FORM INTO A SALT?
IT MAKES THEM MORE READILY SOLUBLE IN BODY FLUIDS
125
WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO ACCOUNT FOR MEDICATIONS, INCLUDING CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES, ON A REGULAR BASIS?
BECAUSE SUCH SUBSTANCES ARE PRONE TO BEING ABUSED, STOLEN, CONTAMINATED, OR TAMPERED WITH. MAKING SURE THIS DOESN'T HAPPEN ENSURES EVERYONE'S SAFETY, FROM THE PARAMEDIC, TO THE PATIENT
126
What are drugs?
Chemical agents for DIAGNOSIS-TREATMENT-PREVENTION of disease
