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Pharmacology > Pharmacology General Information > Flashcards

Pharmacology General Information Flashcards

1
Q

“PROPHYLACTIC” DESCRIBES:

A

A “PREVENTING” MEDICAL PROCEDURE

DIVIDED BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PROPHYLAXIS
(ONE LITERALLY PREVENTS, THE OTHER TREATS TO PREVENT FURTHER PATHOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT)

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2
Q

4 FREQUENTLY USED METHODS OF INHALATION ARE:

A

NEBULIZERS, METERED-DOSE AEROSOL, TURBO INHALERS or VAPORIZERS

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3
Q

A BIOASSAY IS:

A

THE RELATIVE THERAPUTIC EFFECTIVENESS

BY ACSERTAINING BIOEQUIVALANCE

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4
Q

A BOLUS IS:

A

A SINGLE, OFTEN LARGE DOSE OF MEDICATION.

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5
Q

A CONTRAINDICATION IS:

A

A MEDICAL OR PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION PRESENT IN THE PATIENT THAT WOULD MAKE ADMINISTRATION OF A OTHERWISE THERAPEUTICALLY VALUABLE MEDICATION INAPPROPRIATE OR HARMFUL

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6
Q

A CUMULATIVE ACTION OCCURS WHEN:

A

A MEDICATION IS ADMINISTERED IN SEVERAL DOSES, CAUSING AN INCREASED EFFECT
(DUE TO A AND QUANTITATIVE, CHRONOLOGICAL BUILDUP OF THE MEDICATION’S BLOOD CONCENTRATION)

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7
Q

A DEPRESSANT IS:

A

A MEDICATION THAT DECREASES OR LESSENS A BODY FUNCTION OR ACTIVITY

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8
Q

A DRUG IS:

A

ANY SUBSTANCE INTRODUCED INTO THE BODY THAT CHANGES A BODY FUNCTION

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9
Q

A DRUG’S CHEMICAL NAME DESCRIBES ITS:

A

ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

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10
Q

A GENERIC NAME IS:

A

AN ABBREVIATED VERSION OF OF THE CHEMICAL NAME

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11
Q

A GLASS CONTAINER WITH A THIN NECK, USUALLY SCORED AND SNAPPED OFF IS AN:

A

AMPULE

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12
Q

A MEDICATION IS:

A

A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE USE OF DRUGS OR SIMILAR AGENTS IM A THERAPEUTIC MEDICAL SETTING

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13
Q

A MEDICATION THAT INCREASES A BODILY FUNCTION IS CALLED A:

A

STIMULANT!

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14
Q

A PARAMEDIC IS ESSENTIALLY WORKING UNDER THE LICENCE OF:

A

THE PHYSICIAN PROVIDING MEDICAL CONTROL

“MEDICAL DIRECTOR”

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15
Q

A SOLUTE IS:

A

A POWDER (MEDICATION) THAT IS DISSOLVED IN A LIQUID (SOLVENT)

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16
Q

A SOLVENT IS:

A

THE LIQUID INTO WHICH A MEDICATION (SOLUTE) IS DISSOLVED

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17
Q

A THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION GROUPS MEDICATIONS BY:

A

THEIR THERAPUTIC USE or EFFECT (anti-hypertensives)

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18
Q

A TYPICAL MEDICATION PROFILE INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING 11 SPECIFIC INFORMATIONS:

A 
NAMES
CLASSIFICATION
MECHANISM OF ACTION
INDICATIONS
PHARMACOKINETICS
SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE REACTIONS
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19
Q

ADENOSINE IS USED TO TREAT:

A

CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS

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20
Q

ADULTURATION MEANS:

A

TO MAKE IMPURE BY ADDING EXTRANEOUS, IMPROPER, OR INFERIOR INGREDIENTS

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21
Q

AN “UNTOWARD” (ADVERSE) EFFECT IS:

A

A SIDE EFFECT THAT PROVES HARMFUL TO THE PATIENT

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22
Q

AN ASSAY DETERMINES:

A

THE AMOUNT OF PURITY OF A GIVEN CHEMICAL IN A LABORATORY PREPARATION

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23
Q

AN IDIOSYNCRASY IS:

A

AN INDIVIDUAL REACTION TO A MEDICATION THAT IS UNUSUALLY DIFFERENT FROM THAT SEEN IN THE REST OF THE POPULATION

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24
Q

AN INDICATION IS:

A

A MEDICAL CONDITION(S) IN WHICH THE MEDICATION HAS PROVEN TO BE OF THERAPEUTIC VALUE

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25
Q

ANTAGONISM SIGNIFIES:

A

THE OPPOSITION BETWEEN 2 OR MORE MEDICATIONS

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26
Q

ARE ABSOLUTE EFFICACY MEASUREMENTS POSSIBLE?

A

NO

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27
Q

AS TIME PASSES, THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PARAMEDIC ARE:

A

INCREASING

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28
Q

BIOAVAILABILITY DESCRIBES:

A

THE DEGREE TO WHICH A DRUG BECOMES ABSORBED AND REACHES GENERAL CIRCULATION

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29
Q

COMMON EXAMPLES OF SYTHETICALLY DERIVED EMERGENCY MEDICATIONS ARE:

A

FENTANYL, ADENOSINE, AND DIAZEPAM

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30
Q

DESPITE MEDICATIONS NOT BEING ‘OFFICIALLY’ LABELED FOR FORMALLY UNTESTED CONDITIONS, DO DOCTORS STILL MAY PRESCRIBE IT FOR SUCH USES, PHARMACICSTS STILL MAY DISPENSE THEM FOR SUCH USES, AND A NURSE OR PARAMEDIC STILL MAY ADMINISTER IT FOR SUCH USES. IS THIS TRUE?

A

YES!

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31
Q

DIAZEPAM IS USED FOR:

A

SEIZURES, ANXIETY, PSYCHIATRIC INDICATIONS

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32
Q

DIFFERENT FORMS MEDICATIONS COME MANUFACTORED IN ARE:

A 
LIQUIDS
SOLIDS
SUPPOSITORIES
OVULES
INHALANTS
SPRAYS
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33
Q

DIGITALIS IS A SPECIES OF ABOUT 20 SPECIES OF PLANTS COMMONLY CALLED:

A

FOXGLOVES

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34
Q

DIGOXIN AND DIGITOXIN ARE THERAPEUTICALY CALLED:

A

CARDIAC GLYCOCIDES

         OR

CARDIOGLYCOCIDES

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35
Q

DIVERSION IS:

A

THE USE OF PRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS FOR RECREATIONAL OR NONTHERAPEUTIC PURPOSES

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36
Q

DRUG CONTROL IN CANADA FALLS UNDER THE DIRECT SUPERVISION OF THE:

A

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE

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37
Q

DRUGS ARE IDENTIFIED BY 4 DIFFERENT NAMES:

A

CHEMICAL
GENERIC
TRADE
OFFICAL

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38
Q

DRUGS COMPANIES ARE FORBIDDEN FROM MARKETING AND PROMOTING A MEDICATION FOR:

A

OFF-LABEL INDICATIONS

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39
Q

DRUGS IN A MEDICAL SETTING ARE CALLED:

A

MEDICATIONS

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40
Q

EFFICACY REFERS TO:

A

HOW WELL THE DRUG WORKS IN TERMS OF TREATMENT EFFECT

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41
Q

ELIXIRS ARE:

A

PREPERATIONS THAT CONTAIN THE MEDICATION IN AN ALCOHOL SOLVENT

      FLAVORING, OFTEN CHERRY, IS ADDED TO IMPROVE TASTE

                                  (Tylenol Elixir)
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42
Q

EMPIRICAL MEANS:

A

A SKILL OR KNOWLEDGE BASED ENTIRELY ON EXPERIENCE (THE SENSES)

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43
Q

EMULSIONS ARE:

A

PREPERATIONS IN WHICH AN OILY SUBSTANCE IS MIXED WITH A SOLVENT INTO WHICH IT DOES NOT DISSOLVE

                                       IT FORMS GLOBULES OF FAT FLOATING IN THE SOLVENT
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44
Q

ENZYMES PRODUCES BY LIVING CELLS ACT AS:

A

CATALYSTS

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45
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING BIOAVAILABILITY INCLUDE:

A

PARTICLE SIZE
CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE
SOLUBILITY
POLARITY of the compound

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46
Q

FENTANYL IS USED TO TREAT:

A

PAIN

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47
Q

HABITUATION IS:

A

PHYSICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE ON A DRUG

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48
Q

HYPERSENSITIVITY IS:

A

A REACTION TO A SUBSTANCE THAT IS NORMALLY MORE PROFOUND THAN SEEN IN A POPULATION NOT SENSITIVE TO THE SUBSTANCE

                                                                             (PENICILLIN)
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49
Q

IN MANY CASES A SOCIETY’S ATTITUDE AND VALUES, RATHER THAN FORMAL CONTROLS, DETERMINE:

A

THE ACCEPTABLE LIMITS OF MEDICATION USE

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50
Q

IS IT TRUE THAT PHARM COMPANIES TEST MEDICATIONS ON AMINALS BEFORE TESTING THEM ON HUMANS?

A

YES!

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51
Q

LIQUID MEDICATIONS (most meds in EMS) ADMINISTERED INTO THE BODY THROUGH INTRAMUSCULAR, SUBCUTANEOUS, OR INTRAVENOUS ROUTES ARE CALLED:

A

PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS

52
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE (EPSOM SALTS) IS USED TO TREAT:

A

ECLAMPSIA AND CERTAIN CARDIAC EMERGENCIES

53
Q

MANY ORPHAN DRUGS REMAIN WITHOUT:

A

DEVELOPERS

54
Q

MANY USEFUL ORPHAN DRUGS REMAIN ORPHANS BECAUSE:

A

MANUFACTURERS CANNOT HOPE TO RECORVER THE HUGE AMOUNTS OF MONEY SPENT IN DEVELOPING A NEW MEDICATION

55
Q

MEDICATION PROFILES MAY ALSO INCLUDE ANOTHER COMPONENT:

A

INTERACTIONS

56
Q

MEDICATIONS THAT SHARE SIMILAR (CHEMICAL) CHARACTERISTICS ARE GROUPED TOGETHER AS:

A

A PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS

FAMILY

57
Q

MINERAL ARE SOMETIMES COMBINED WITH OTHER INGREDIENTS TO YIELD:

A

ACIDS, BASES, OR SALTS

A-B-S

58
Q

MORPHINE IS MADE FROM:

A

OPIUM

59
Q

NOT MARKETED WIDELY, ORPHAN DRUGS TREAT:

A

ORPHAN DISEASES: DISEASES THAT AFFECT FEWER THAN 200,000 PEOPLE

60
Q

OFF-LINE CONTROL IS:

A

ASPECTS OF MEDICAL OVERSIGHT THAT DO NOT INVOLVE DIRECT (IN-THE-MOMENT) MEDICAL CONTROL

SYSTEM DESIGN
PROTOCOL
DEVELOPMENT

61
Q

ON-LINE MEDICAL CONTROL REFERS TO:

A

ORDERS GIVEN TO A PARAMEDIC BY THE “BASE” PHYSICIAN

62
Q

OXYTOCIN IS USED TO:

A

INDUCE LABOR AND TREAT CERTAIN TYPES OF VAGINAL BLEEDING

63
Q

PARAMEDICS SHOULD VIEW THE MEDICAL DIRECTOR AS:

A

A RESOURCE WHO WILL PROVIDE CONSTRUCTIVE FEEDBACK

AND ANSWER QUESTIONS AS THEY ARISE

64
Q

PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE IN 4 PACKAGING STYLES:

A

VIALS
AMPULES
SYRINGES (or self contained systems)
NEBULES

65
Q

PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS MUST BE!!:

A

STERILE!!!!!

66
Q

PATIENTS AND CONDITIONS THAT DO NOT RESPOND TO A MEDICATION ARE SAID TO BE:

A

REFRACTORY

a patient with supraventricular tachycardia contractions who does not respond to adenosine

67
Q

PDR stands for:

A

PHYSICIANS DESK REFERENCE

68
Q

PHARMACOPEIA IS:

A

A BOOK CONTAINING -

IDENTIFICATION AND PREPERATION OF COMPOUND MEDICINE SAMPLES

69
Q

POTENTIATION IS:

A

THE ENHANCEMENT OF ONE MEDICATION’S EFFECTS BY ANOTHER

barbiturates and alcohol

70
Q

PURITY IS

A

THE UNCONTAMINATED STATE OF A “ONE ACTIVE COMPONENT” DRUG

71
Q

Pharmacognosy is

A

THE STUDY OF THE NATURAL 3 DRUG SOURCES - PLANTS - ANIMALS - MINERALS

72
Q

RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY INVOLVES:

A

TAKING GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA) FROM ONE ORGANISM AND PLACING IT INTO ANOTHER

-ALSO CALLED GENETIC ENGINEERING

73
Q

REGARDING DRUG RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION: HOW MANY HUMAN TEST PHASES ARE THERE?

A

4

74
Q

REGARDING PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS, WHAT KIND OF PACKING IS OFTEN USED DURING CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION?

A

PREFILLED SYRINGES

SELF CONTAINED SYSTEMS

75
Q

SAFETY and TOXICITY ARE DETEREMINED BY:

A

THE INCIDENCE OF SEVERITY OF REPORTED ADVERSE REACTIONS TO THE USE OF A DRUG

76
Q

SODIUM BICARBONATE IS USED TO TREAT:

A

SEVERE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

77
Q

SOLID MEDICATIONS ARE ADMINISTERED BY THESE TWO ROUTES:

A

ORALLY

RECTALLY

78
Q

SOLID MEDICATIONS INCLUDE:

A

POWDERS
CAPSULES
TABLETS

79
Q

SOLUTES ARE PREPERATIONS THAT CONTAIN:

A

THE MEDICATION DISSOLVED IN A SOLVENT (USUALLY WATER)

80
Q

SOME E.M.S MEDICATIONS HAVE VERY LIMITED:

A

TOLERANCE FOR EXTREMES IN TEMPERATURE

81
Q

SOME HARMFUL EFFECTS MAY NOT APPEAR FOR:

A

A CONSIDERABLE TIME

82
Q

SPIRITS ARE:

A

SOLUTIONS CONTAINING VOLATILE CHEMICALS DISSOLVED IN ALCOHOL

SPIRIT OF AMMONIA

83
Q

STANDING PROTOCOLS ARE:

A

DIRECTIVES THAT ALLOW A PARAMEDIC TO TREAT PATIENTS WITHOUT SPEAKING TO A PHYSICIAN.

84
Q

STANDING PROTOCOLS DO NOT:

A

FACILITATE A SPECIFIC DIAGNOSIS

85
Q

STANDING PROTOCOLS FACILITATE:

A

MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC PRESENTING SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

86
Q

SUBLINGUAL MEANS:

A

ALLOWING TO DISSOLVE UNDER THE TONGUE

87
Q

SUPPOSITORIES PRODUCE 2 TYPES OF EFFECTS:

A

LOCAL - ANALGESIC, LAXATIVE, ANTI-INFECTIVE

SYSTEM -ANALGESIC ANTIEMETIC, ANTIPYRETIC

88
Q

SUPPOSITORIES REQUIRE REFRIGERATION UNTIL THEY ARE ADMINISTERED BECAUSE:

A

THEY MELT AT BODY TEMPERATURE

89
Q

SUPPOSSITORIES ARE SOLID MEDICATIONS ADMINISTERED VIA THESE 2 ROUTES:

A

RECTALLY and VAGINALLY

90
Q

SUSPENSIONS ARE MEDICATIONS THAT:

A

DO NOT REMAIN DISSOLVED

TEND TO SEPERATE EVEN AFTER SHORT PERIODS
ALWAYS MUST BE SHAKEN WELL BEFORE USE

91
Q

SYNERGISM IS:

A

THE COMBINED ACTION OF TWO MEDICATIONS

-THE ACTION IS MUCH STRONGER THAN THE EFFECT OF EITHER MEDICATION ADMINISTERED SEPERATELY

92
Q

SYNTHETIC IS:

A

A SUBSTANCE MADE BY COMBINING TWO OR MORE SIMPLER COMPOUNDS (In a laboratory setting - Nader)

93
Q

SYRUPS ARE:

A

MEDICATIONS SUSPENDED IN VISCOUS SUGARWATER TO IMPROVE THE TASTE

                                       (COUGH SYRUP)
94
Q

THE LEVEL OF INVOLVMENT OF THE MEDICAL DIRECTOR WITHIN AN EMS SYSTEM VARIES. IS THIS TRUE?

A

YES!

95
Q

THE MEDICAL DIRECTOR CAN BE FOUND MEDICOLEGALLY LIABLE IN CASES OF LITIGATION INVOLVING PREHOSPITAL CARE. IS THIS TRUE?

A

YES!

96
Q

THE OFFICIAL CANADIAN PHARMACOPEIA IS CALLED:

A

COMPENDIUM OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND SPECIALTIES,

CPS

97
Q

THE OFFICIAL NAME IS THE STANDARDIZATION PUBLICATION NAME AND US USUALLY THE SAME AS:

A

THE GENERIC NAME

98
Q

THE TRADE NAME IS ALSO CALLED THE:

A

BRAND NAME

99
Q

THE UNAVOIDABLE, UNDESIRED EFFECTS FREQUENTLY SEEN EVEN IN THERAPEUTIC MEDICATION DOSAGES ARE CALLED?

A

SIDE EFFECTS!

100
Q

THE USE OF MEDICATIONS FOR ‘OFF LABEL’ INDICATIONS IS BASED ON:

A

EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

101
Q

THERAPEUTIC ACTION IS:

A

THE DESIRED, INTENDED ACTION OF A MEDICATION GIVEN IN THE APPROPRIATE MEDICAL CONDITION

102
Q

TINCTURES ARE:

A

MEDICATIONS EXTRACTED CHEMICALLY WITH ALCOHOL

USUALLY SOME DILUTE ALCOHOL LIKE IODINE

103
Q

TO BE INSERTED PROPERLY, SUPPOSITORIES REQUIRE:

A

LUBRICATION

104
Q

TO ESTIMATE BIOAVAILABILITY ONE MUST MEASURE:

A

THE BLOOD or TISSUE CONCENTRATION OF THE DRUG

105
Q

TO ADULTERATE MEANS:

A

TO MAKE IMPURE BY ADDING EXTRANEOUS, IMPROPER, OR INFERIOR INGREDIENTS

106
Q

TOLERANCE IS:

A

AN INCREASED REQUIREMENT FOR LARGER AND LARGER DOSAGES IN PATIENTS RECEIVING MEDICATIONS ON A LONG TERM BASIS

107
Q

TREATMENT PROTOCOLS ARE:

A

TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR PREHOSPITAL CARE - MAY INVOLVE STANDING ORDERS or OLMC (on-line medical control)

108
Q

TWO EMERGENCY MEDICATIONS DERIVED FROM MINERAL SOURECES ARE:

A

SODIUM BICARBONATE AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE

109
Q

TWO EXAMPLES OF HORMONE MEDICATION DERIVED FROM ANIMAL SOURCES ARE:

A

INSULIN AND OXYTOCIN

110
Q

The 4 main drugs sources are

A

PLANTS, ANIMALS, MINERALS, THE LABORATORY

111
Q

The active agent in foxglove plant

A

DIGITALIS GLYCOSIDES

112
Q

The most important type of active component is

A

THE ALKALOIDS

ONE OF THE LARGEST GROUPS OF ACTIVE COMPONENTS) (ACT AS ALKALI

113
Q

The study of drugs and their actions on the body

A

PHARMACOLOGY

114
Q

VACCINES ARE:

A

SUSPENSIONS OF

KILLED, MODIFIED, OR ATTENUATED

MICROORGANISMS

115
Q

VIALS ARE:

A

BOTTLES SEALED WITH A RUBBER DIAPHRAGM AND MAY CONTAIN A SINGLE OR MULTIPULE DOSES

     (multi-dose vials contain preservatives that enable them to be used more than once
116
Q

WHAT 2 PARTS OF ANIMALS ACCOUNT FOR A LARGE SOURCE OF MEDICATIONS?

A

BODILY FLUIDS - GLANDS

117
Q

WHAT 3 LETTERS DO THE NAMES OF ALKALOIDS AND THERI SALTS USUALLY END IN?

A

-INE

ATROP’INE’ SULFATE

118
Q

WHAT ARE NEBULES USED FOR?

A

THEY ARE USED FOR MEDICATIONS THAT ARE PREMIXED

ventolin and atrovent

119
Q

WHAT YEARLY AMENDED “ACT” PROVIDES REGULATIONS FOR DRUG MANUFACTORE AND SALE IN CANADA?

A

THE FOOD AND DRUG ACT

120
Q

WHAT’S THE NAME OF A POWDERED OR LIQUID FORM OF MEDICATION THAT IS GIVEN USING THE RESPITORY ROUTE AND IS ABSORBED RAPIDLY BY THE RICH SUPPLY OF CAPILLARIES IN THE LUNGS?

A

AN INHALANT.

121
Q

WHEN A POTENTIAL DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY PROBLEM ARISES WITH A MEDICATION, THE FDA MAY REQUIRER THE MAKER TO PROMINENTELY DISPLAY A:

A

“BLACK BOX” WARNING

122
Q

WHEN ARE SAFETY AND EFFICACY REFINED?

A

CONSTANTLY

123
Q

WHICH DEADLY PLANT IS ATROPINE DERIVED FROM?

A

THE “DEADLY NIGHTSHADE PLANT” - ATROPA BELLADONNA

124
Q

WHY DO ALKALOIDS FORM INTO A SALT?

A

IT MAKES THEM MORE READILY SOLUBLE IN BODY FLUIDS

125
Q

WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO ACCOUNT FOR MEDICATIONS, INCLUDING CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES, ON A REGULAR BASIS?

A

BECAUSE SUCH SUBSTANCES ARE PRONE TO BEING ABUSED, STOLEN, CONTAMINATED, OR TAMPERED WITH. MAKING SURE THIS DOESN’T HAPPEN ENSURES EVERYONE’S SAFETY, FROM THE PARAMEDIC, TO THE PATIENT

126
Q

What are drugs?

A

Chemical agents for DIAGNOSIS-TREATMENT-PREVENTION of disease

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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