Drugs that affect the nervous system Flashcards
DEXAMATHASONE IS
POTENT CORTICOSTEROID
WHAT IS DEXAMATHASONE USED FOR
SEVERE ANAPHYLAXIS ASTHMA COPD CEREBRAL EDEMA URTICARIA
PRECAUTIONS OF DEXAMATHASONE
USE ONE DOSE
LONG TERM USE CAUSES:
GI BLEEDS
SLOW WOUND HEALING
SUPPRESSION OF NATURAL STEROIDS
HOW IS DEX GIVEN?
IV
4 - 10mg
ALL CORTICOIDS HAVE THIS PROPERTY
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
HOW DOES MANNITOL WORK?
ITS AN OSMOTIC DIURETIC
INCREASES BLOOD OSMOLARITY
DECREASES SODIUM/WATER ABSORPTION IN KIDNEYS REDUCING TOTAL BODY SODIUM/WATER
PROMOTES FLUID MOVEMENT FROM ICS TO ECS
MANNITOL USES?
CEREBRAL EDEMA
BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTIONS
MANNITOL LESSENS CEREBRAL EDEMA HOW?
LOWERS ICP BY DEHYDRATING BRAIN TISSUE
MANNITOL ONSET
PEAK EFFECT
DURATION
HALF LIFE
MANNITOL ONSET 15 MINUTES
PEAK EFFECT 3 - 8 HOURS
DURATION VARIABLE
HALF LIFE 100 MINUTES
MANNITOL CONTRAINDICATIONS
ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
SEVERE PULMONARY CONGESTION
PROFOUND HYPOVOLEMIA
MANNITOL PRECAUTIONS
CAUSES CHF IF GIVEN RAPIDLY
DEPLETES SALT
CRYSTALIZES AT LOW TEMP.
MANNITOL DOSE
IV
1.5 to 2.0 g/KG BOLUS
GIVEN SLOWLY
ELIMINATES THE CHANCES OF CHF
METHYLPREDNISOLONE USE
SAME AS DEX EXCEPT SPINAL CHORD INJURY NOT CEREBRAL EDEMA
PEAK EFFECTS MUCH LATER 4-8 DAYS
WHAT DO BENZOS DO?
SEDATIVE
ANXIOLYTIC
ANTICONVULSIVE
HOW DO BENZOS WORK?
BY POTENTIATING GABA
DILANTIN USE
MAJOR MOTOR SEIZURES
STATUS EPILEPTICUS
DIGITALIS TOXICITY DYSRHYTHMIAS
DILANTIN ACTION
SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER
STOPS SUSTAINED RAPID FIRING OF NEURONS DURING A SEIZURE
CONTRAINDICATIONS DILANTIN
HYPERSENSITIVITY
BRADYCARDIA
HIGH GRADE HEART BLOCK
CHRONIC USERS OF THE DRUG MUST HAVE BLOOD LEVEL DETERMINED BEFORE ADMIN
PHENOBARBITAL
LUMINAL
BARBITURATE
SEDATIVE
ANTICONVULSANT
LUMINAL USE
LUMINAL CAUTION
MAJOR MOTOR SEIZURES
STATUS EPILEPTICUS
ACUTE ANXIETY STATE
(KIDS WILL BECOME HYPERACTIVE)
(DECREASES BP AND RESPS)
ADMINISTERING O2 RAISES OXYGEN LEVEL BY INCREASING 02 CONCENTRATION OF
INSPIRED%
ALVEOLI%
ARTERIAL%
CELL%
02 SIDE EFFECTS
POSSIBLE FREE RADICAL INDUCTION
MUCOUS MEMBRANE DRYING–>EPISTAXIS
RAISES TOXICITY OF PARAQUAT AND DIAQUAT
HYDROCORTISONE IS CONSIDERED A _____ ______ STEROID
“SHORT ACTING”
EFFECT OF ACETYLCHOLINE ON CARDIAC RECEPTORS
NEGATIVE CHRONO
NEGATIVE INO
CLOSES CALCIUM CHANNELS
OPENS POTASSIUM CHANNELS
SNS EFFECT ON KIDNEY FUNCTION
STIMULATES RAS
VASOCONSTRICTION
SODIUM/WATER RETENTION
INCREASING BP
EPI
SYMPATHETIC AGONIST
ACTS FAST
LASTS SHORT
USED TO INDUCE BRONCHODILATION
BETABLOCKER - ANTICHOLINERGIC - RELATIVES?
NO
BETA BLOCKER USE
V ARRHYTHMIAS REFRACTORY TO LIDOCAINE AND BRETYLIUM
NEG INO NEG CHRONO NEG DROMO DECREASE BP DECREASE MYOCAR O2 DEMAND Negative Inotropic effects Negative Chronotropic effects Negative Dromotropic effects Lowers blood pressure Lowers myocardial oxygen demand
INDICATED FOR VETRICULAR DYSRHYTHMIAS REFRACTORY TO LIDOCAINE AND BRETYLIUM
BETA BLOCKER CONTRAINDICATIONS
BRADYCARDIA
ASTHMA
COPD
CHF
MAY MASK HYPOGLYCEMIA - CAUTION DIABETICS
KEEP ATROPINE CLOSE BY
PATHO OF BETA BLOCKERS
BLOCKING B1 AND B2 CAUSES CARDIOVASCULAR SEDATION/VASODILATION, BRONCHOSPASM AND CHF
PHARMA TREATMENT OF BB OVERDOSE
HARD DUE TO PROFOUND HEMODYNAMICS
GLUCAGON IS THE ANTIDOTE IF SUCH A LARGE DOSE IS ABAILABLE 3 - 10 MG BOLUS
FOR SEIZURES USE BENZOS - DILANTIN OR LUMINAL FOR REFRACTIONS
B2 AGONIST FOR BRONCHOSPASMS – AMYNOPHYLENE IF SEVERE
Lidocaine and other cocaine derivatives therapeutic uses
antiarrhythmic and local/topical anasthetic
it’s a sodium channel blocker used for life threatening ventricular arrhythmias refractory to amiodarone. suppresses depolirazation and automaticity in the ventricles. does not slow AV conduction or depress contractility (at therapeutic doses). Mainly a NEGATIVE CHRONOTROPIC effect. Sometimes used for AMI and dlectrical defibrillation
Burns, musculoskeletal trauma pain
topical anesthetic
calcium channel blockers uses, pharmacodynamics etc
verapimil, diltiazem
negative dromotropic, anti-hypertensive agents, reduce myocardial oxygen demand
used in cases ventricular arrhythmia refraction to adenosine
amiodarone is an
pottasium channel blocker
ANTIARRHYTHMIC indicated during unresponsiveness to other antiarrhythmics
treats life threatening arrhythmias (ventricular)
prolongs action potential of all cardiac tissues
2 month half life
which drugs have anti arrhythmic and anti-convulsive properties?
Dilantin
Atropine uses etc
Hemodynamically significant bradycardia
Asystole
Organophosphate poisonings
PARASYMPATHOLYTIC is the same as
ANTICHOLINERGIC
DIGOXIN (LANOXIN) USE
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE FOR CHF AND V-DYSRHYTHMIAS
INOTROPE - INCREASES»CARDIAC OUTPUT
HEPARIN WHAT IS IT
RAPID ACTING ANTI-COAGULANT
STOPS FIBRINOGEN–>FIBRIN
HEPARIN USE
UNSTABLE ANGINA
NON Q WAVE MI
DVT AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM PREVENTION
STREPTOKINASE WHATS IT
STREPTOCOCCI ENZYME
ACTIVATES HUMAN PLASMINOGEN
STREPTOKINASE USE
A FIBRINOLYTIC
ANISTREPLASE WHATS IT
A NEWER FIBRINOLYTIC WITH PURIFIED HUMAN PLASMINOGEN
MORPHINE WHATS IT WHATS ITS INDICKATION
CNS DEPRESSANT
POTENT ANALGESIC
FOR MI PAIN
KIDNEY STONES
ALBUTAROL (SALBUTAMOL, VENTOLIN, PROVENTIL) WHATS IT TO YA
B2 ADRENERGIC SYMPATHOMIMETIC
FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
REVERSIBLE COPD BRONCHOSPASM
EPI IS
NATURAL CATECHOLAMINE/SYMPATHETIC AGONIST FOR:
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
COPD
ANAPHYLAXIS
DEXTRAMATHOSONE MAIN ACTION BABY
ANTI INFLAMMATORY
