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Finals 2024 > Pharmacology Finals > Flashcards

Pharmacology Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Dosage of Adrenaline in Anaphylaxis

A

0.5ml/500mcg 1:1000 IM

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2
Q

Dosage of Adrenaline in Cardiac arrest

A

10ml 1:10,000 IV or 1ml of 1:1000 IV

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3
Q

Alcohol Overuse mx

A

benzodiazepines for acute withdrawal

disulfram: promotes abstinence - negative reactions if taken CI: psychosis and IHD

acomprosate - reduces cravings

Naltrexone (trying to quit) - is an opiate blocker that makes alcohol less enjoyable and less rewarding

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4
Q

Allopurinol Mechanism

interactions

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Interacts with Azathioprine (Crohns) - leads to azathioprine toxicity

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5
Q

Alpha Blockers SE

A

postural hypotension
drowsiness
dyspnoea
cough

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6
Q

Amiodarone (used in Broad complex QRS typically) SE

A

Thyroid dsyfunction - hypo and hyper

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Liver Fibrosis

Photosensitvity

Slate Grey Appearance of skin

Can contribute to Digoxin toxicity

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7
Q

Aspirin Mechanism

A

COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitor

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8
Q

CI Drugs in Pregnancy

A

This - Trimethoprim
Working - Warfarin
Thing - Tetracyclines
Can - Ciprofloxacin
Really - retinoid
Suck - Sulfonylurea - Gliciazide
Sometimes - Statin

+ All Anti-epileptic drugs - carbamezpine, valproate, phenytoin

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9
Q

Caustic substance ingestion mx

A

A to E

Endoscopy

Urgent upper GI surgical referral if signs of perforation present (surgical emphysema, mediastinal widening on chest x-ray)

High dose IV PPI

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10
Q

Drugs causing Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

O -
M - Methotrexate
A - Amiodarone
N - Nitrofurantoin

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11
Q

Drugs causing Urinary Retention

A

NOT A Drop
Nsaids
Opioids
TCAs - amitryptyline

Anticholinergics
Disopyramide

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12
Q

Drugs causing photosensitvity

A

Tans

Thiazide/Tetracycline
Amiodarone
NSAIDS
Sulfonylurea

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13
Q

SALicyLATe poisoning features

A

AL - Respiratory Alkalosis

LAT - Metabolic Acidosis (due to raised lactate)

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14
Q

Mx of Salicylate poisoning

A

Activated charcoal

urinary alkalinization with intravenous sodium bicarbonate

Indications for haemodialysis
seizures
coma
metabolic acidosis resistant to treatment

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15
Q

Mx of Serotonin syndrome

A

supportive including IV fluids
benzodiazepines
chlorpromazine

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16
Q

Features of TCAoverdose

mx

A

3 D’s - Dry mouth, dilated pupils, wiDened QRS

IV bicarbonate

17
Q

Drugs promoting lithium toxicity

A

MAD

Metronidazole
ACEi/ARB
Diclofenac(NSAIDS)/Diuretics

18
Q

Features of lithium toxicity

A

coarse tremor (a fine tremor is seen in therapeutic levels)
hyperreflexia
acute confusion
polyuria
seizure
coma

19
Q

Mx of Lithium toxicity

A

mild-moderate toxicity may respond to volume resuscitation with normal saline
haemodialysis may be needed in severe toxicity

20
Q

features of opioid misuse

A

rhinorrhoea
needle track marks
pinpoint pupils
drowsiness
watering eyes
yawning

21
Q

Opioid overdose mx

Opioid dependence mx

EX: Heroin, morphine, oxycodone etc

A

Emergency management of opioid overdose
IV or IM naloxone: has a rapid onset and relatively short duration of action

methadone or buprenorphine (compliance monitored via urinalysis)

22
Q

Ecstasy mx

A

Management
supportive

dantrolene may be used for hyperthermia if simple measures fail

23
Q

Ecstasy Poisoning Features

A

“all hyper except sodium”

Hyperthermia
Hypertension
Tachy
Rhabdomyolosis

Hyponatraemia - KEY

24
Q

LSD tx

A

should be first managed with supportive reassurance in a calm, stress-free environment. If ineffective, benzodiazepines are the medication of choice.
supportive care
antipsychotics if severe and longterm

25
Q

LSD toxicity symptoms

A

Drug-induced psychosis
n+v
pyrexia
tachy
hypertension
hyperthermia

26
Q

Colchicine SE

A

Diarrhea, nausea,

27
Q

Cocaine mechanism

A

cocaine blocks the uptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin

28
Q

Cocaine effects

A

agitation
psychosis
hallucinations
Seizures
coronary artery spasm

29
Q

Cocaine mx

A

benzodiazepines

30
Q

Neuroepileptic malignant syndrome tx

A

IV fluids and stop antipsychotic

31
Q

Why does alcohol make you thirsty

A

inhibits ADH secretion

32
Q

Important side effect of Herception(Trastsumab)

A

Cardiac Toxicity - Heartceptin - so these patients need cardiac monitoring via echocardiogram

33
Q

Monitoring In amiodarone

A

Before starting - CXR

Every 6 months - LFTs, TFTs

34
Q

Omeperazole SE (4)

A

Increased risk of C.difficile infections

Osteoporosis

Increased risk of fractures

Hypocalcaemia and Hypomagnesia

35
Q

Digoxin Toxicity features

A

generally unwell, lethargy, nausea & vomiting

yellow-green vision

arrhythmias (e.g. AV block, bradycardia)
gynaecomastia

G to remember - gynaecomastia and green vision

36
Q

Predisposing factors to Digoxin toxcity

A

hypokalaemia
Hypothermia
renal failure

37
Q

Mx of digoxin toxicity

A

Digibind

38
Q

Omepreazole SE

A

Hyponatraemia
Hypomagnesia
osteoporosis - increased risk of fractures
c.difficile infections

Finals 2024 (8 decks)

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