Infectious Disease Finals Flashcards
What condition do you get 24 hours off school for? Post Abx
Scarlett Fever
What condition do you get 48 hours off school? Post Abx
Whooping Cough
What condition do you get 4 days off school for
Measles (from onset of rash)
How much time do you get off with Chickenpox
Until All lesions crusted over
Cases of chickenpox are generally infectious from 2 days before the rash appears to 5 days after the onset of rash.
How much time do you get off with Impetigo
Until all lesions crusted over/48 hours post Abx
How many days do you get off for Rubella
5 days (from onset of rash)
Mx for Otitis Externa
topical antibiotic or a combined topical antibiotic with a steroid
If severe: Oral Flucloxacillin/ Erythromycin if peniclillin allergic
What Abx is CI in pregnancy
Quinolines - ex: ciprofloxacin
Localised Impetigo Tx
Widespread Impetigo Tx
Hydrogen Peroxide 1%/Fusidic acid
Oral Flucloxacillin
Main cause of Cellulitis
Mx of Cellulitis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Flucloxacillin (clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic)
Main cause of Erysipelas
Strep Pyrogenes
flucloxacillin
Main Cause of Tonsillitis
Main Mx of tonsillitis
Strep Pyogenes
Penicillin V
Common causes of Acute Sinusitis
When to prescribe nasal steroid spray
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and rhinoviruses
intranasal corticosteroids may be considered if the symptoms have been present for more than 10 days
Chronic Rhinositus vs Acute Sinusitis
Rhino - is a chronic inflammatory condition
acute sinusitis - is an infection
Chronic Bronchitis mx
Amoxicillin or tetracycline or clarithromycin
Uncomplicated/Mild CAP mx
Amoxicillin (Doxycycline or clarithromycin in penicillin allergic
Atypical Pneumonia mx
Clarithromycin
HAP mx
Co-Amoxiclav
Gingivitis mx
Metronidazole
Salmonella/Shigella mx
Ciprofloxacin
(p for poo)
Campylobacter jejuni mx
Clarithromycin
most common cause of infective endocarditis
BONUS: most common valve affected
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis if < 2 months post valve surgery
Mitral valve
Lyme Disease Signs
erythema migrans ‘bulls-eye’ rash (1-4 weeks after bite)
systemic features
headache
lethargy
fever
arthralgia
Dx of Lyme Disease
clinicall by Tick bite
Or ELISA for Borrelia burgdorferi
Mx of Lyme disease
tick still present - remove it is using fine-tipped tweezers, grasping the tick as close to the skin as possible and pulling upwards firmly
Abx: Doxycycline if early (Amoxicllin if CI)
Ceftriaxone if disseminated disease
What causes Scarlett fever
Tx For scarlett fever
Strep pyogenes
Penicillin V
Features of Scarlett Fever
Sandpaper rash - spine
Strawberry tongue
Red flushed cheeks
cervical lymphadenopathy
Sore throat
Measles tx
self-resolving
Vaccines at 1 year old
v
Pneumococcal
Men B
Men C
MMR
HipB
Vaccines at 8 weeks
6-in-1, Rotavirus, MenB
Vaccines at 12 weeks
6-in-1, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus
Vaccines at 16 weeks
6-in-1, Men B
Vaccines at 3 years 4 months
MMR
4 in 1
Vaccines at 14 years old
3 in 1
Men ACWY
What is in the 6-in-1 vaccine
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) and hepatitis B)
What does HPV vaccine protect against
HPV 6 and 11 - genital warts
HPV 16 and 18 - cervical cancer
When can you do a normal vaginal delivery with HIV
When there are less than 50 copies/ml
What is Roseala Infantum caused by
HH6
Roseala Infantum S/S
Rash consists of a mild erythematous macular rash
High Fever followed by this rash (not itchy)
What is Parovirus B19 caused by
Slapped Cheek features
Prodromal - mild fever
then slapped cheek rash
reticular mildly erythematous rash affecting the trunk
Slapped Cheek complications
slapped cheek tx
High risk of aplastic anaemia
self limiting rash
Tetanus cause
Tetanus features
Clostridium tetani - often in infected soil going into wounds
prodrome fever, lethargy, headache
trismus (lockjaw)
risus sardonicus: facial spasms
opisthotonus (arched back, hyperextended neck)
spasms (e.g. dysphagia)
Tx Of Tetanus
Patient has had a full course of tetanus vaccines, with the last dose < 10 years ago - nothing needed
> 10 years ago - if tetanus prone wound: reinforcing dose of vaccine
high-risk wounds (e.g. compound fractures, delayed surgical intervention, significant degree of devitalised tissue): reinforcing dose of vaccine + tetanus immunoglobulin
If vaccination history is incomplete or unknown
reinforcing dose of vaccine, regardless of the wound severity
for tetanus prone and high-risk wounds: reinforcing dose of vaccine + tetanus immunoglobulin
(+ supportive therapy and muscle relaxants and metronidazole if needed)
Dx of legionella
Mx of legionella
urinary antigen
erythromycin/clarithromycin
Mycoplasma pneumoniae dx
Serology
Cause of threadworms
Enterobius vermicularis
b and v - bums and vagina
Features of Mumps
fever
malaise, muscular pain
parotitis (‘earache’, ‘pain on eating’): unilateral initially then becomes bilateral
Cause of Mumps
caused by RNA paramyxovirus and spread by droplets
Epididymo-orchitis Causes
In younger adults - Chlamydia and Gonorrhae
In older adults who are low risk - e.coli (so investigation is MSU for this)
Features of Dengue Fever
Due to Aedes aegypti mosquito - in tropics/subtropical
KEY: can progress to viral haemorrhagic fever
fever
headache (often retro-orbital)
myalgia, bone pain and arthralgia (‘break-bone fever’)
pleuritic pain
facial flushing (dengue)
maculopapular rash
haemorrhagic manifestations e.g. positive tourniquet test, petechiae, purpura/ecchymosis, epistaxis
Dengue Fever dx
Dengue Fever mx
diagnostic tests
serology
nucleic acid amplification tests for viral RNA
NS1 antigen test
Mx - supportive, fluid resus and blood products
Yellow Fever features
Brief Viral Haemorrhagic illness
mild flu-like illness lasting less than one week
classic description involves sudden onset of high fever, rigors, nausea & vomiting. Bradycardia may develop. A brief remission is followed by jaundice, haematemesis, oliguria
On blood councilman bodies
Aedes Aegypti again
Most common cause of encephalitis
HSV - in adults
Most common causes of Meningitis
Babies - GBS
Adults - Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
