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Pharmacology exam one Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacology

A

the study of drugs on biological systems

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2
Q

clinical pharmacology

A

application of pharmalogical principles to clinical patients

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3
Q

veterinary clinical pharmacology

A

the use of pharmacological principles to treat animals

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4
Q

comparative pharmacology

A

the study of drugs in different species

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5
Q

evidence based veterinary clinical pharmacology

A

pharmacological principles based on research and clinical data

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6
Q

drug

A

any substance that can effect a biological system

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7
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

what the drug does to the animal

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8
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

what the animal does to the drug - movement of the drug through the body ADME

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9
Q

pharmacy

A

the science of the preparation of drugs

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10
Q

toxocology

A

the study of poisons

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11
Q

natural drug sources

A

mineral, virus, fungi, bacteria, plant, animal

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12
Q

semisynthetic

A

from natural sources then chemically treated

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13
Q

synthetic

A

compound completely manufactured in the lab

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14
Q

summation

A

?

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15
Q

synergism

A

?

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16
Q

antagonism

A

one drug inhibits the effect of the other drug

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17
Q

drug disposition

A

the study of movement of drugs across a biological membrane in body from time of absorption through elimination - ADME

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18
Q

transmembrane movement

A

diffusion through lipid membranes and aqueous protein channels in the cell membrane - bulk flow from osmotic differences

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19
Q

paracellular movement

A

diffusion through intercellular aqueous channels

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20
Q

passive diffusion

A

movement with a [] gradient move from high to low

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21
Q

drug absorption

A

movement of the drug from site of administration into the blood

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22
Q

enteral routes of administration

A

oral, sublingual, rectal (via gut)

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23
Q

parenteral routes of administration

A

IV, IM, SQ, IP (via injection)

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24
Q

Other routes of administration

A

topical, inhalation, epidural

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25
drug distribution
transfer of drugs from the bloodstream to tissues around the body
26
drug metabolism
chemical alteration of the drug by different body tissues
27
bioinactivation
most drugs - do not need to be metabolized to have an effect
28
bioactivation
must be metabolized to have an effect
29
phase I reactions
oxidative, reductive, hydrolitic
30
glucuronide
NOT cats
31
sulphate
NOT pigs
32
methyl
all
33
acetyl
NOT dogs and cats
34
glycine
all
35
glutamine
mainly man
36
ornithine
birds ONLY
37
CYPD15
present in 45% of dogs, makes them metabolize celecoxib faster
38
organic cation transporters (OCT)
secretion of organic bases
39
organic anion transporters (OAT)
secretion of organic acids
40
how does acidification of urine pH effect excretion?
enhances excretion of weak basic drugs
41
how does alkalinization of urine pH effect excretion?
enhances excretion of weak acidic drugs (NSAIDS)
42
rate
how fast the mass (dose) of a drug changes per unit of time (mg/min)
43
extent
how much the mass (dose) of a drug changes in total
44
bioavailability
fraction of the dose given that finds its way into systemic circulation
45
bioequivalence
different formulations of the same drug are bioequivalent when they absorbed at a similar rate to a similar extent
46
half life
time required for drug concentration to decrease by 50% ***ONLY with 1st order
47
1st order kinetics
constant elimination rate, same proportion of drug eliminated all the time
48
zero order kinetics
fixed elimination rate, same amount of drug eliminated all the time
49
elimination rate constant
fraction of drug that would be eliminated per unit of time
50
one compartment open model
considers body as consisting of a single homogeneous compartment
51
volume of distribution
the volume a drug would occupy if it was evenly distributed at the same concentration as in plasma
52
total body clearance
volume of distribution of drug in the body cleared of the drug per unit of time
53
plasma concentration at steady state
drug going in (dose) = drug going out (clearance)
54
mean residence time
length of drug persistence in the body
55
pharmacodynamics
study of the effects of drugs and their mechanism of action on the body
56
types of effects
therapeutic effect, side effect, adverse effect, toxic effect
57
prodrugs
drug needs to be metabolized to be active
58
analogues
compete with real substrate for binding to the enzyme
59
false substrates
abnormal metabolites produced
60
ionotropic receptors
binding of a drug will either allow or prevent an ion going through the pore
61
metabotropic receptors AKA G protein coupled receptors, 7TM receptors
after drug bind to receptor, G proteins bind to receptor and take up GTP
62
kinase coupled receptors
drug binds to receptor that causes phosphorylation to start kinase cascade
63
nuclear receptors
receptors in cytoplasm transport things to nucleus of cell
64
receptor subtypes
ex: alpha receptor ---> a1 and a2
65
receptor up-regulation
increase number of receptors (and drug effect)
66
receptor down regulation
decrease number of receptors (and drug effect)
67
ligand
anything that binds to a recognition site
68
agonist
mimics the effect of an endogenous ligand
69
antagonist
binds to the receptor but does nothing on its own
70
mixed agonist-antagonist
acts as an agonist on some receptors and antagonist on others
71
onset of action
time required after drug administration for a response to be observed (latent phase)
72
duration of action
length of time that a drug is effective - onset of action through termination of action
73
which drug name is used on a label?
nonproprietary name
74
1lb = ? g
453.59g
75
1kg = ? lbs
2.2lbs
76
5% = ? mg/ml
50mg/ml
77
1g/ml = ? mg/ml
1000mg/ml

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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