Pharmacology essentials Flashcards
Main drug metabolism
Liver - cytochrome p450 enzyme system
Nicotinic receptors are:
Ion channels at NMJ and synapses
Muscarinic receptors have:
Action sites with secondary messengers
Statins work by
Inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme - blocks cholesterol synthesis in the liver
Class one antiarhythmics
Block sodium channels
Lidocaine
Class two antiarrhythmics
Beta blockers
Class three antiarrhythmics
potassium channel blockers
Amiodarone
Class four antiarrythmics
CCB - verapamil
What is a dihydropiridine and what is it used for?
Amlodipine, vasodilator
What CCB is cardio-selective?
Verapamil
Give a tissue plasminogen activators
Reteplase - for emergency with not available PCI
Give a DOAC example (Factor Xa inhibitor)
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Give a DOAC example (direct thrombin inhibitor)
Dabigatran
Give an anti-emetic example
Ondansetron - a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
Give an example of an osmotic laxative
Lactulose
Give a Stimulant laxitives
Senna
Give an antidiarrhoeals
Loperamide
Give ABD treatment in order
Prednisolone,
Aspirin like - Sulfasalazine (crohn’s) Mesalazine (UC),
DMARD - azathioprine,
Biologic - infliximab
Diabetes 2 medication
Metformin (increased peripheral glucose uptake)
Sulfonureas - Gliclazide (stimulate Beta cells)
Pioglitazone (less insulin resistance, less gluconeogenisis)
GLP-1 agonists - Exenatide (increase insulin release and satiety)
DPP-4 inhibitors - Linagliptin (decrease degradation of GLP-1)
UC Inducing Remission
Mild: Sulfasalazine (aminosalicyclate) or Oral prednisolone
Extensive: High does sulfasalazine, beclometasone diproprionate
UC step Two
Ciclosporin or IV corticosteroids
UC Maintaining remission
Mild: Sulfasalazine, Severe: azothiaprim
Crohn’s Inducing Remission
Monotherapy: Prednisolone (sulfasalazine if not tolerated) Add on (2 or more in 12 months) :
Crohn’s Add ons (2 or more in 12 months) :
Azathioprim - assess thiopurine methyltransferase, if deficient, use methotrexate
If severe, infliximab
