Pharmacology - Ch. 21

Question 1

Analgesics

Answer 1

Drugs that relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness.

Question 2

Anaphylaxis

Answer 2

Condition of shock caused by hypersensitivity to a drug or other substance that results in life threatening respiratory distress and vascular collapse.

Question 3

Anemia

Answer 3

Subnormal concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood.

Question 4

Anesthetics

Answer 4

Agents that reversible depress neuronal function, producing loss of ability to feel pain and/or other sensations.

Question 5

Angina pectoris

Answer 5

Severe constricting pain in the chest, often radiating to the shoulder and down the arm, caused by ischemia (obstruction of blood supply) of heart muscle, usually result of coronary disease.

Question 6

Antagonist

Answer 6

Substance that tends to nullify the action of another drug.

Question 7

Anticholinergics

Answer 7

Drugs that block the passage of impulses through the parasympathetic nerves.

Question 8

Arrhythmia

Answer 8

Variation from the normal rhythm of heartbeat.

Question 9

Atherosclerosis

Answer 9

Condition in which thickening of the wall of a blood vessel occurs because of the deposition of plaque (atheroma).

Question 10

Bronchodilators

Answer 10

Drugs that cause expansion of the lumina of the air passages of the lungs. Used for treatment of asthma and COPD.

Question 11

Coagulation

Answer 11

Process of clot formation.

Question 12

Contraindications

Answer 12

Conditions that render the administration of some drug or some particular line of treatment.

Question 13

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Answer 13

Primarily a disorder of carbohydrates, protein, and fat metabolism secondary to insufficient secretion of insulin or insulin resistance.

Question 14

Diabetes gastroparesis

Answer 14

Form of nerve damage that affects the stomach; food does not move through the stomach in a normal way, resulting in nausea and vomiting, or bloating.

Question 15

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Answer 15

Disorder of the peripheral nervous system, a complication of diabetes.

Question 16

Diuretics

Answer 16

Drugs that promote the excretion of urine.

Question 17

Edema

Answer 17

Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the tissues of the body.

Question 18

Extravasation

Answer 18

Discharge or escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue that can cause localized vasoconstriction, resulting in sloughing of tissue and tissue necrosis if not reversed with an antidote.

Question 19

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Answer 19

Inflammation of the lower esophagus from regurgitation of acid gastric contents; symptoms include heartburn.

Question 20

Hematoma

Answer 20

Localized collection of blood in the tissue resulting from a break in the wall of the blood vessel.

Question 21

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 21

Elevations of plasma lipid concentration.

Question 22

Hypertension

Answer 22

Persistently high arterial blood pressure, usually exceeding 140/90 mmHg

Question 23

Idiosyncratic Reaction

Answer 23

Unusual response that is peculiar to the individual.

Question 24

Infiltration

Answer 24

Diffusion of fluid into a tissue; often used interchangeably with extravastation.

Question 25

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 25

Condition resulting from accumulation of acid or depletion of alkaline reserves (bicarbonate in the blood and body tissues).

Question 26

Opioids

Answer 26

Drugs, natural or synthetic, that have activity similar to that of morphine.

Question 27

Osteoporosis

Answer 27

Disease of bone that leads to an increased risk for fracture; bone material density (BMD) is reduced, and bone micro architecture is disrupted.

Question 28

Parenteral

Answer 28

Not through the gastrointestinal tract, but by injection through some other route.

Question 29

Parkinson's Disease (PD)

Answer 29

Degenerative neurologic disease of the brain that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other functions.

Question 30

Peristalsis

Answer 30

Waves of contraction that propel contents through the GI tract.

Question 31

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 31

Study of the metabolism and action of drugs with particular emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution in body, and method of excretion.

Question 32

Schizophrenia

Answer 32

Chronic mental disorder characterized by periods of withdrawn or bizarre behavior.

Question 33

Thromboembolic disorders

Answer 33

Conditions involving the partial or complete obstruction of a blood vessel.

Question 34

Antianemic agents

Answer 34

Drugs used for treatment of anemia (subnormal concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in blood) may be due to deficiency in in iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12

Question 35

Anti anxiety agents

Answer 35

Act on CNS to calm or relax patient. Also used in alcohol detoxification, to prevent seizures and other acute withdrawal symptoms.

Question 36

Antiarrhythmics

Answer 36

Used to treat irregular heartbeats. The agent used to treat depends on if the arrhythmia is in the atria or ventricle.

Question 37

Antibiotics

Answer 37

Antibiotics or antimicrobials kill or inhibit growth of micro organisms. There are broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum.

Question 38

Anticoagulants

Answer 38

Inhibit the clotting of blood or increase the coagulation time used to prevent thromboembolic disorders.

Question 39

Anticonvulsants

Answer 39

Prevent or control occurrence of seizures. They do not treat the cause of seizures; they reduce or eliminate activity.

Question 40

Antidepressants

Answer 40

Often take 6-12 weeks to achieve their maximal therapeutic effect.

Question 41

Antiemetic

Answer 41

Used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. More effective in preventing than treating symptoms once they've developed.

Question 42

Antifungal

Answer 42

Substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of fungi. 2 groups: those that affect skin or mucosa and those that affect the whole body (systemic).

Question 43

Antihistamines

Answer 43

Used primarily to treat allergic disorders. Also used to treat symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. They can be either sedating or nonsedating.

Question 44

Antihyperlipidemic agents

Answer 44

Hyperlipidemia is associated with the development of atherosclerosis, which leads to coronary heart disease (CHD). These agents reduce cholesterol level.

Question 45

Antihypertensives

Answer 45

Treats hypertension

Question 46

Antiparkinson agents

Answer 46

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by a resting tremor, rigidity, and brachykinesia.

Question 47

Antiplatelets

Answer 47

Inhibit platelet aggregation, prevention of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and transient ischemia attacks (TIAs).

Question 48

Antipsychotics

Answer 48

Used to treat psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, delusional disorders, acute mania, and agitated states.

Question 49

Antiulcer Agents

Answer 49

Used to treat peptic ulcers, both gastric and duodenal, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).

Question 50

Antiviral Agents

Answer 50

Do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit its development. Used to treat herpes, chicken pox, shingles, influenza, hepatitis, and HIV.

Question 51

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Answer 51

Increase levels of acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter in CNS.

Question 52

Coagulants

Answer 52

Control hemorrhage or to speed coagulation.

Question 53

Corticosteroids

Answer 53

Used to reduce the symptoms associated with chronic inflammation disorders or short term treatment.

Question 54

Hormones

Answer 54

Affect endocrine system.

Question 55

Laxatives

Answer 55

Promote passage and elimination of fences from large intestine.

Question 56

Mood-Stabilizing Drugs

Answer 56

Prevent mood swings in patients with manic-depressive (bipolar) disorder.

Question 57

No steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer 57

Analgesic, antipyretic (fever reducing), and anti-inflammatory actions.

Question 58

Osteoporosis Drugs

Answer 58

Treat bone loss.

Question 59

Sedatives or Hypnotics

Answer 59

Can produce varying degrees of CNS depressing ranging from mild sedation to sleep.

Question 60

Stimulants

Answer 60

Increase activity in brain or spinal cord. Examples: Adderall or Ritalin

Question 61

Thrombolytics

Answer 61

Dissolve thrombi (clots) that have already formed. Administered parenterally in case of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke.