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Radiologic Technology > Pharmacology - Ch. 21 > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Ch. 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Analgesics

A

Drugs that relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness.

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2
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Condition of shock caused by hypersensitivity to a drug or other substance that results in life threatening respiratory distress and vascular collapse.

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3
Q

Anemia

A

Subnormal concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood.

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4
Q

Anesthetics

A

Agents that reversible depress neuronal function, producing loss of ability to feel pain and/or other sensations.

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5
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Severe constricting pain in the chest, often radiating to the shoulder and down the arm, caused by ischemia (obstruction of blood supply) of heart muscle, usually result of coronary disease.

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6
Q

Antagonist

A

Substance that tends to nullify the action of another drug.

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7
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Drugs that block the passage of impulses through the parasympathetic nerves.

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8
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Variation from the normal rhythm of heartbeat.

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9
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Condition in which thickening of the wall of a blood vessel occurs because of the deposition of plaque (atheroma).

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10
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Drugs that cause expansion of the lumina of the air passages of the lungs. Used for treatment of asthma and COPD.

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11
Q

Coagulation

A

Process of clot formation.

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12
Q

Contraindications

A

Conditions that render the administration of some drug or some particular line of treatment.

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13
Q

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

A

Primarily a disorder of carbohydrates, protein, and fat metabolism secondary to insufficient secretion of insulin or insulin resistance.

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14
Q

Diabetes gastroparesis

A

Form of nerve damage that affects the stomach; food does not move through the stomach in a normal way, resulting in nausea and vomiting, or bloating.

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15
Q

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

A

Disorder of the peripheral nervous system, a complication of diabetes.

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16
Q

Diuretics

A

Drugs that promote the excretion of urine.

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17
Q

Edema

A

Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the tissues of the body.

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18
Q

Extravasation

A

Discharge or escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue that can cause localized vasoconstriction, resulting in sloughing of tissue and tissue necrosis if not reversed with an antidote.

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19
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

Inflammation of the lower esophagus from regurgitation of acid gastric contents; symptoms include heartburn.

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20
Q

Hematoma

A

Localized collection of blood in the tissue resulting from a break in the wall of the blood vessel.

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21
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Elevations of plasma lipid concentration.

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22
Q

Hypertension

A

Persistently high arterial blood pressure, usually exceeding 140/90 mmHg

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23
Q

Idiosyncratic Reaction

A

Unusual response that is peculiar to the individual.

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24
Q

Infiltration

A

Diffusion of fluid into a tissue; often used interchangeably with extravastation.

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25
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Condition resulting from accumulation of acid or depletion of alkaline reserves (bicarbonate in the blood and body tissues).

26
Q

Opioids

A

Drugs, natural or synthetic, that have activity similar to that of morphine.

27
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Disease of bone that leads to an increased risk for fracture; bone material density (BMD) is reduced, and bone micro architecture is disrupted.

28
Q

Parenteral

A

Not through the gastrointestinal tract, but by injection through some other route.

29
Q

Parkinson’s Disease (PD)

A

Degenerative neurologic disease of the brain that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other functions.

30
Q

Peristalsis

A

Waves of contraction that propel contents through the GI tract.

31
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Study of the metabolism and action of drugs with particular emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution in body, and method of excretion.

32
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Chronic mental disorder characterized by periods of withdrawn or bizarre behavior.

33
Q

Thromboembolic disorders

A

Conditions involving the partial or complete obstruction of a blood vessel.

34
Q

Antianemic agents

A

Drugs used for treatment of anemia (subnormal concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in blood) may be due to deficiency in in iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12

35
Q

Anti anxiety agents

A

Act on CNS to calm or relax patient. Also used in alcohol detoxification, to prevent seizures and other acute withdrawal symptoms.

36
Q

Antiarrhythmics

A

Used to treat irregular heartbeats. The agent used to treat depends on if the arrhythmia is in the atria or ventricle.

37
Q

Antibiotics

A

Antibiotics or antimicrobials kill or inhibit growth of micro organisms. There are broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum.

38
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Inhibit the clotting of blood or increase the coagulation time used to prevent thromboembolic disorders.

39
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Prevent or control occurrence of seizures. They do not treat the cause of seizures; they reduce or eliminate activity.

40
Q

Antidepressants

A

Often take 6-12 weeks to achieve their maximal therapeutic effect.

41
Q

Antiemetic

A

Used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. More effective in preventing than treating symptoms once they’ve developed.

42
Q

Antifungal

A

Substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of fungi. 2 groups: those that affect skin or mucosa and those that affect the whole body (systemic).

43
Q

Antihistamines

A

Used primarily to treat allergic disorders. Also used to treat symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. They can be either sedating or nonsedating.

44
Q

Antihyperlipidemic agents

A

Hyperlipidemia is associated with the development of atherosclerosis, which leads to coronary heart disease (CHD). These agents reduce cholesterol level.

45
Q

Antihypertensives

A

Treats hypertension

46
Q

Antiparkinson agents

A

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is characterized by a resting tremor, rigidity, and brachykinesia.

47
Q

Antiplatelets

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation, prevention of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and transient ischemia attacks (TIAs).

48
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Used to treat psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, delusional disorders, acute mania, and agitated states.

49
Q

Antiulcer Agents

A

Used to treat peptic ulcers, both gastric and duodenal, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).

50
Q

Antiviral Agents

A

Do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit its development. Used to treat herpes, chicken pox, shingles, influenza, hepatitis, and HIV.

51
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

A

Increase levels of acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter in CNS.

52
Q

Coagulants

A

Control hemorrhage or to speed coagulation.

53
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Used to reduce the symptoms associated with chronic inflammation disorders or short term treatment.

54
Q

Hormones

A

Affect endocrine system.

55
Q

Laxatives

A

Promote passage and elimination of fences from large intestine.

56
Q

Mood-Stabilizing Drugs

A

Prevent mood swings in patients with manic-depressive (bipolar) disorder.

57
Q

No steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

A

Analgesic, antipyretic (fever reducing), and anti-inflammatory actions.

58
Q

Osteoporosis Drugs

A

Treat bone loss.

59
Q

Sedatives or Hypnotics

A

Can produce varying degrees of CNS depressing ranging from mild sedation to sleep.

60
Q

Stimulants

A

Increase activity in brain or spinal cord. Examples: Adderall or Ritalin

61
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Dissolve thrombi (clots) that have already formed. Administered parenterally in case of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke.

Radiologic Technology (6 decks)

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