Indection Control - Chapter 17

Question 1

Asepsis

Answer 1

Freedom from infection

Question 2

Bacteria

Answer 2

Prokaryotic, ubiquitous, single-celled organisms

Question 3

Bloodborne Pathogens

Answer 3

Disease-causing microorganisms that may be present in human blood.

Question 4

Chemotherapy

Answer 4

Treatment of disease by chemical agents.

Question 5

Cyst

Answer 5

Stage in the life cycle of certain parasites during which they are enclosed in a protective wall.

Question 6

Dimorphic

Answer 6

Occurring in two distinct forms.

Question 7

Diseases

Answer 7

Deviations from or interruptions of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system (or combination thereof) of the body that are exhibited by a characteristic of symptoms and signs and whose cause, pathologic mechanism, and prognosis may be known or unknown.

Question 8

Disinfectants

Answer 8

Chemicals used to free an environment from pathogenic organisms or to render such organisms inert, especially as applied to the treatment of inanimate materials to reduce or eliminate infectious organisms.

Question 9

Eukaryotes

Answer 9

Organisms whose cells have a true nucleus.

Question 10

Flora

Answer 10

Microbial community found on or in a healthy person.

Question 11

Fomite

Answer 11

Object, such as a book, wooden object, or article of clothing, that is not itself harmful but is able to harbor pathogenic micro organisms and thus may serve as an agent of transmission of an infection.

Question 12

Fungi

Answer 12

General term used to denote a group of eukaryotic protists- including mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, mold, and smuts- that are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and by the presence of a rigid cell wall.

Question 13

Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI)

Answer 13

Infection that patients acquire while they are receiving treatment for another health care issue.

Question 14

Host

Answer 14

Animal or plant that harbors or nourishes another organism.

Question 15

Iatrogenic

Answer 15

Resulting from the activities of physicians.

Question 16

Immunity

Answer 16

Security against a particular disease.

Question 17

Infection

Answer 17

Invasion and multiplication of micro organisms in body tissues that may be clinically inapparent or may result in local cellular injury as a result of competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replications, or antigen-antibody response.

Question 18

Medical Asepsis

Answer 18

Reduction in numbers of infectious agents, which, in turn, decreases the probability of infection but does not necessarily reduce it to zero.

Question 19

Nosocomial

Answer 19

Pertaining to or originating in the hospital; said of an infection not present or incubating before admittance to the hospital but generally developing 72 hours after admittance.

Question 20

Pathogens

Answer 20

Disease spreading organisms.

Question 21

Prokaryotes

Answer 21

Cellular organisms that lack a true nucleus.

Question 22

Reservoir

Answer 22

Alternative or passive host or carrier that harbors pathogenic organisms, without injury to self, and serves as a source from which other individuals can be infected.

Question 23

Standard Precautions

Answer 23

Precautions to prevent the transmission of disease by body fluids and substances.

Question 24

Sterilization

Answer 24

Complete destruction or elimination of all living microorganisms, accompanied by physical methods (dry or moist heat), chemical agents (ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, alcohol), radiation (UV, cathode), or mechanical method (filtration).

Question 25

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 25

Procedure used to prevent contamination by microbes and endospores before, during, and after surgery using sterile technique.

Question 26

Vaccine

Answer 26

Suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (Bactria, viruses, or rickettsiae) administered for prevention, improvement, or treatment of an infectious disease.

Question 27

Vector

Answer 27

Carrier, especially an animal (usually an arthropod), that transfers and infective agent from one host to another.

Question 28

Virion

Answer 28

Complete viral particle found extracellularly and capable of surviving in crystalline from and infecting a living cell; comprises the nucleoid (genetic material) and the capsid; also called viral particle.

Question 29

Viruses

Answer 29

Any of a group of minute infectious agents not resolved in the light microscope, with certain exceptions (ex: poxvirus), and characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and by the ability to replicate only within living host cells.