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Cardio-Renal I Midterm > Pharmacology - Calcium Channel Blockers > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Calcium Channel Blockers Flashcards

1
Q

2 classes of calcium channel blockers

A

dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine

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2
Q

how can non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers be further divided?

A

phenylalkylamine (verapamil)

benzothiazepine (diltiazem)

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3
Q

**true or false

amlodipine is a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker

A

FALSE

dihydropyridine

anothing that ends in “pine” is a dihydropyridine

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4
Q

**true or false

diltiazem is a phenylalkylamine non-dihydropyridine

A

FALSE

benzothiazepine non-dihydropyridine

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5
Q

**differentiate between the MOA of dihydropyridines and non-dihydropyridines

A

dihydro - VASODILATION

non-dihydro - DEPRESS SA AND AV NODE OF THE HEART

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6
Q

MOA of calcium channel blockers in hypertension

A

inhibit the influx of calcium into arterial smooth muscle

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7
Q

true or false

verapamil, diltiazem, and the dihydropyridines are all equally effective in lowering BP

A

TRUE

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8
Q

*****which calcium channel blocker is given IV

A

clevidipine (dihydropyridine)

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9
Q

calcium is involved with BP on a contractile, electrical, and cellular level

explain

A

contractile - myosin binding - muscle contraction

electrical - calcium gets into SA node and causes increased heart rate

cellular - release of hormones like ACh, NE

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10
Q

**calcium channel blockers mainly target _____ type channel

A

L-TYPE channel

this causes cmooth muscle relaxation and negative ionotropic effecits in heart

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11
Q

true or false

dihydropyridines have higher vasodilation activity than non

A

true

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12
Q

true or false

non-dihydropyridines alter calcium mediated pacemaker activity

A

TRUE

to depress the heart rate and AV node conduction

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13
Q

true or false

dihydropyridines increase peripheral resistance

A

FALSE

decreases peripheral resistance by causing vasodilation

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14
Q

___ are considered pacemaker blockers

A

non-dihydropyridines

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15
Q

which type of calcium channel blocker has LESS effect on heart function

A

dihydropyridines - more involed wiht vasodilation

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16
Q

**which type of calcium channel blockers have a danger of vascular shock? explain why

A

dihydropyridines

if too much vasodilation - not enough BP

17
Q

****which type of calcium channel blocker has a liability of bradycardia, and AV block and cardiac arrest

A

non-dihydropyridines
(verapamil, diltiazem)

18
Q

which calcium channel blocker can cause reflex tachycardia and paradoxical angina?

A

nifedipine

19
Q

2 rare but serious AE of amlodipine

A

abnormal EKG
ventricular arrythmias

20
Q

some amlodipine precautions

A

can initially cause hypotension and lead to fainting

edema

can cause reflex tachycardia and induce angina and heart attack

21
Q

there is a DDI with amlodipine and CYP ___ inducers/inhibitors

A

3a4

(watch the grapefruit too!)

22
Q

true or false

in addition to reducing the heart rate, diltiazem also decreases peripheral resistance and afterload by dilating the systemic arteries

A

true

23
Q

true or false

varapamil has negative inotropic effects

A

true

24
Q

verapamil inhibits _____ reflexes that elevate BP

A

sympathetic

25
Q

which nondihydropyridine is considered an intermediate vasodilator and pacemaker suppressor?

which is considered an EXTREME pacemaker suppressor and vasodilator?

A

intermediate - diltiazem

extreme - verapami

26
Q

true or false

nifedipine has low vascular shock liability

A

FALSE - high

it has high vasodilation activity

27
Q

true or false

nifedipine has a low risk of AV block and cardiac arrest

A

TRUE

verapamil is most high risk (then diltiazem)

28
Q

is clevidipine a dihydropyridine?

A

yes

29
Q

true or false

clevidipine has little impact on the contractility of the heart

A

true

30
Q

can calcium channel blockers be given in pregnancy

A

yes

31
Q

some calcium channel blocker contraindications

A

heart failure
unstable angina

32
Q

true or false

calcium channel blockers are not first line for HTN

A

true

ACE and ARBS are considered 1st line

HOWEVER, it’s been used as 1st line bc high tolerability and efficacy

33
Q

which type of antihypertensive is preferred in the elderly and prevents stroke?

A

calcium channel blockers

34
Q
A

Cardio-Renal I Midterm (8 decks)

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