Pharmacology Basics Flashcards
1
Q
Dosage Abbreviations
A
mg- milligram gm - grams mcg micrograms numbers - roman numerals tab - tablet/pill cap - capsule
2
Q
Abbreviations - Route
A
po - oral IM - intramuscular (shot), usually long acting sl - subcutaneous IN - intranasal IV - intravenous
3
Q
Abbreviations - Frequence
A
qd - daily qod - every other day qam - every morning bid - twice daily tid - three times daily qhs - at bedtime prn - as needed q2h - every 2 hours (q4h, q5h, q6h etc)
4
Q
Abbreviations #
A
#of pills given # of refills
5
Q
Pharmacokinetics
A
Effect of body on drugs
Metabolism
Elimination
6
Q
Metabolism
A
breakdown of drugs most happens in the liver products called metabolites Active drug can be original vs. metabolite liver disease delays can lead to more of less active drug
7
Q
Drug-Drug Interactions
A
Drugs can increase or decrease metabolism of others
competing for liver enzymes
enhancing enzymes
8
Q
Drug Resources
A
epocrates.com pill pictures dosing side effects safety mechanism of action
9
Q
Elimination
A
Mostly kidneys kidney disease Glomerular Filtration Rate - GFR Half-life time to cut in half 4 - 5 half lives to eliminate
10
Q
Half Life
A
long - means medication can build up over time
short - can leave system quickly, withdrawal, more immediate onset - leads to more abuse i.e. xanax
11
Q
Pharmacodynamics
A
effect of drug on body agonist - causes effect antagonist - blocks receptor partial agonist - some effect and, may block receptors Therapeutic Index = Toxic/Effective dose Higher is better Some affect babies in utero some pass into breast milk
12
Q
Controlled Medication
A
Drug Enforcement Agency Need to register 1 - no medical use 11 - high potential for abuse - stimulants, opioids III - Some abuse IV - low abuse - benzos, sleep V - lowest abuse
