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BPRS110 > Pharmacology Baby > Flashcards

Pharmacology Baby Flashcards

1
Q

define synthetic

A

using artificially produced compounds to create new drugs

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2
Q

what are the used of common allopathic therapies?

A

Ephedrine: nasal decongestant

Anti-cholinergic alkaloids: bronchodilatation

Cromolyn: mast cell stabilizer

Theophylline: bronchodilatation

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3
Q

define bioengineered

A

using cell cultures or living tissue cultures to produce

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4
Q

differentiate between chemical, generic, and trade name

which do we use?

A

chemical: describes the drugs chemical composition and molecular

generic (nonproprietary): name given by health Canada under the food and drugs act and food and drug regulations

trade (proprietary): the drug has a registered trademark; use of the name restricted by the drug’s patent owner (usually the manufacturer)

experimental: may have an experimental code name during trials

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5
Q

what’s the blue puffer?

A

chemical name: 2-t-butylamino-1-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl) ethanol sulphate

generic name: salbutamol sulfate

trade name: Ventolin (cad) or Albuterol (usa)

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6
Q

what MUST be in a drug order for an RRT

A
  1. patient ID info
  2. drug name & solvent
  3. strength and dose
  4. route of administration
  5. frequency
  6. limiting factors for use
  7. signature of person placing with date & time
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7
Q

list the five rights & two extra

A
  1. patient
  2. drug
  3. dosage
  4. time
  5. route
  6. technique
  7. approach
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8
Q

define site of action

A

location in the body where drug exerts its therapeutic effect

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9
Q

define mechanism of action (MOA)

A

how drug produces its effect

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10
Q

define receptor site

A

specific location on cells that drug attaches to which begins series of cell changes

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11
Q

drug absorption affected by (3)

A
  1. drug dosage
  2. form availability
  3. route of administration
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12
Q

route of administration depends on (5)

A
  1. desired effect
  2. desired action
  3. physiochemical factors
  4. amount of drug required
  5. patient factors
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13
Q

differentiate between MDI, pMDI, and DPI

A

MDI: meter dose inhaler with/without spacer

pMDI: pressurized MDI

DPI: dry powdered inhaler

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14
Q

define/differentiate between: pharmaceutical phase, pharmacokinetic phase, pharmacodynamic phase

A
  1. pharmaceutical phase: drug entry into body through various routes by variety of drug formulations .. break down & dissolution
  2. pharmacokinetic phase: drug distribution, storage, metabolism, and excretion .. what body does to drug

pharmacodynamic phase: drug interaction at pharmacologic sites of action .. what drug does to body

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15
Q

define purity

A

type/amount extraneous material added to active drug

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16
Q

define bioavailability

A

amount of active drug available to target

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17
Q

define potency

A

strength/power of drug needed to achieve desired effect

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18
Q

define efficacy

A

effectiveness of drug in treatment

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19
Q

define safety/toxicity

A

number and severity of adverse effects reported - monitors and updated regularly

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20
Q

pharmacokinetic principles help determine (3)

A
  1. dosage
  2. duration
  3. frequency
21
Q

pharmacokinetic phase includes (4)

A

A - 1. absorption
D - 2. distribution
M - 3. biotransformation (metabolism)
E - 4. elimination

22
Q

volumes of distribution

A

blood = 5L
interstitial fluid = 10L
intracellular fluid = 20L
fat = 14-25L

23
Q

dose regimens are determined by (8)

A
  1. age
  2. weight
  3. absorption (ROA)
  4. distribution
  5. metabolism
  6. elimination
  7. disease states/other drugs on board
  8. patient capabilities / understanding / compliance
  9. degree of desired effect
24
Q

define selectivity

A

the extent to which a drug acts at one specific receptor site.

once drug bound to receptor, either ..
1. ion channel is opened/closed
2. biochemical messengers are activated
3. normal cell function is turned on/off

25
Q

define down regulation

A

decreased number of receptors d/t prolonged drug exposure or pathology causing desensitization (decreased drug response)

26
Q

define up regulation

A

increased number of receptors d/t prolonged drug exposure or pathology resulting in an increased drug response

27
Q

define affinity

A

strength of binding to receptor

28
Q

define dose-response relationship

A

the proportional change in drug response in relation to a chang min dosage (usually linear until plateau)

29
Q

define drug efficacy

A

maximal effect / greatest response produced by a drug (increase dose doesn’t increase response)

30
Q

define tachyphylaxis

A

rapid development of tolerance

31
Q

define additivity (summation)

A

two drugs act on same receptors resulting in a combined effect equal to the sum of both drugs added together

32
Q

define synergism

A

two drugs that act by different mechanisms on the same organ produce an effect greater than the sum of both drugs added together

33
Q

define potentiation

A

where one drug has no effect on its own, but will enhance the effect of the other drug

34
Q

define antagonism

A

where one drug can block the effect of another

3 types:
- chemical antagonism: interaction b/w body substances and drug where the drug becomes inactive

  • functional: where two drugs with different effect cancel each other out
  • competitive: when a drug has an affinity for a receptor, but no efficacy (action of its own) it will block drug from binding to receptors and taking action
35
Q

differentiate between full and partial agonists

A

full agonist: drug that interacts with receptors to trigger a pharmacologic response; has both affinity and efficacy

partial agonist: has affinity, but doesn’t have same magnitude of efficacy (response)

36
Q

define toxicity

A

production of severe adverse effects

37
Q

define lethal dose (LD50)

A

dose that will produce Lethal effects on half of the test population

38
Q

define effective dose (ED50)

A

dose that will produce therapeutic effects on half of the test population

39
Q

define therapeutic index (TI)

A

gives you a measurement of drug safety measured by a ratio

TI = LD50 / ED50

40
Q

define side effect

A

unwanted effect of drug

SE

41
Q

define adverse reaction

A

unintended side effect

ADR

42
Q

define toxic reaction

A

overdose reaction

ADR

43
Q

define metareaction

A

unexpected exacerbated reaction in 1st time use (maybe allergic aka idiosyncratic)

44
Q

define teratogenicity

A

hypersensitivity

45
Q

define dependency reaction

A

mind altering drugs; physiological or psychological dependance causing withdrawal effect if not received

46
Q

define tachyphylaxis

A

rapid tolerance to a drug

47
Q

define cross tolerance

A

tolerance to one drug d/t administration of another

48
Q

define carcinogens

A

cancer causing

49
Q

define nephrotoxic

A

toxic effect on kidney

BPRS110 (6 decks)

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