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Sandra Phase 2a > Pharmacology-Antihypertensives > Flashcards

Pharmacology-Antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

Organs responsible for regulating bp

A

Liver
Lungs
Kidneys
Adrenal gland
Heart

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2
Q

How to calculate Blood Pressure (Arterial BP) =

A

Cardiac Output x TPR

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3
Q

Systolic BP vs. Diastolic BP

A

Systolic = Heart contracting
Diastolic = Heart relaxing

Normal bp = 120/80

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4
Q

Antihypertensives

A

A: Ace Inhibitor, Angiotensin receptor blockers, Alpha-1 receptor Blockers
B: Beta-blockers (selective & non-selective)
C: CCB
D: Diuretics
E: Endothelin receptor antagonists

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5
Q

RAAS system

A

The liver produces angiotensinogen.

When there is a decrease in BP, the kidneys produce renin.

Renin is responsible for converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Angiotensinogen circulates the body, contacting a membrane-bound enzyme (ACE) mainly residing in lung tissue.

Angiotensin I gets converted into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is an important regulator of blood pressure.

Angiotensin II increases BP via the following mechanisms:
1. Increasing sympathetic activity
2. Vasoconstriction
3. Increase in aldosterone

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6
Q

How to remember ACE inhibitor medication

A

End in (-prils)

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7
Q

ACE inhibitor (CAPTOPRIL)

A

C -cough
A -angioedema
P-pregnancy problems
T- taste changes
O - other (rash, fatigue)
P - proteinuria
R - renal insufficiency
I - increased potassium
L - Low BP

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8
Q

Angiotensin receptor blockers

A
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9
Q

How can you remember Angiotensin receptor blockers medication

A

end in (-sartans)

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10
Q

Where can you find alpha-1 receptor

A

SMC that surround vessels of epithelial cells

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11
Q

What do alpha-1 receptors react to?

A

Adrenaline/Noradrenaline produced by adrenonergic neurons

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12
Q

What happens when noradrenaline/adrenaline binds to alpha 1 receptor?

A

Stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle cells that surround vells.

This narrows the lumen and increases BP

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13
Q

Alpha-1 Receptor Blocker

A
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14
Q

What do beta blocker medications end with

A

(~olol)

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15
Q

What activity are beta blockers important for?

A

sympathetic activity

By blocking the beta receptors you are blocking the sympathetic activity

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16
Q

Selective vs Non-selective beta blockers

A

Selective: work on heart
Non-selective: work on heart and other tissues

17
Q

What is the name of the receptors found on pacemaker heart cells?

A

Beta 1 receptors

18
Q

How can pacemaker cells increase blood pressure?

A

Adrenergic neurons release adrenaline/noradrenaline that bind to beta-1 receptors of pacemaker cells.

This increases heart rate and therefore blood pressure

19
Q

Where can you find beta-1 receptors in the circulatory system?

A

Pacemaker cells
Cardiomyocytes

20
Q

What is the result of noradrenaline binding to cardiomyocytes

A

Stimulate the beta-1 receptors of the cardiomyocytes leading to a more powerful contraction .

This increases CO -> Increase BP

21
Q

Beta blockers

A
22
Q

What do calcuim channel blocker medication end in?

A

(~dipine)

23
Q

What is the role of calcium in the body

A

Excitability and muscle contraction

24
Q

What calcium channels do you find in pacemaker cells?

A

T-Type calcium channels

25
Q

What calcium channels do you find on smooth muscle cells

A

L-type calcium channels

26
Q

Calcium Channel blocker

A

Contraindications include: congestive heart failure, heart block, hypotension, ventricular tachycardia

27
Q

What organ to diuretics work on?

A

Kindeys (more specifically the nephrons)

They induce diuresis

28
Q

Functional unit of kidney?

A

Nephron

29
Q

What part of the nephron do loop diuretics work on

A

Ascending part in the loop of Henle

30
Q

What part of nephron do thiazide work on?

A

Distal part of the nephron

31
Q

What part of nephron do K+ sparing diuretics work on?

A

Distal part of nephron

32
Q

How do all diuretics essentially work?

A

All inhibit sodium from going into the bloodstream, meaning you have more sodium being excreted. Meaning a decrease in BP

33
Q

Diuretics

A
34
Q

Side effects of taking diuretics

A
35
Q

Endothelin receptor antagonist

A

Work on blood vessel of SMC containing Endothelin-1 receptor.

When endothelin binds to it, it will cause contraction and narrowing of blood vessel

36
Q

ACEi should never be prescribed with

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker

Sandra Phase 2a (17 decks)

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