ECG

Question 1

What do the boxes on an ECG represent?

Answer 1

Question 2

What are Limb Leads 1,2,3

Answer 2

Bipolar Limb leads
Tell you about the electrical activity in vertical plane of the heart

Question 3

What are Limb Ledas aVR,aVL,aVF

Answer 3

Augmented Unipolar Limb leads
Tell you about the electrical activity in vertical plane of the heart

Question 4

What are V1-V6 leads?

Answer 4

Precordial Chest leads
Tell you about the electrical activity in horizontal plane of the heart

Question 5

What is the most common ECG Lead used?

Answer 5

2

Question 6

5.Things to consider when interpreting ECG

Answer 6

1. Rate
2. Rhythym
3. QRS
4. Sinus P wave present?
5. P-R interval

Question 7

1.How to determine Heart Rate on an ECG

Answer 7

Box Method is (300/no.of boxes between the R wave)
R-Waves across 10 secs and x6

Question 8

2.How to determine heart rhythym

Answer 8

You can take a card and mark where the R waves are and move along ECG to determine if regular or irregular

Question 9

3.QRS: Normal/Wide

Answer 9

Greater than 3 small boxes within QRS complex -wide QRS

Question 10

4.Sinus P wave present?

Answer 10

Question 11

5. P-R Interval?

Answer 11

Question 12

Differential Charactersitics of Tachycardia

Answer 12

Question 13

Differntial Charcteristics of Bradycardia

Answer 13

Question 14

ST elevation requirements + potential reasons for this

Answer 14

1 mm ST segment elevation in any of the leads except V2-V3

2mm in V2-V3

Question 15

ST Depression requirements + potential reasons for this

Answer 15

Question 16

J wave requirements + potential reason for this

Answer 16

Question 17

T wave inversion requiremnts + potential reason for this

Answer 17

Question 18

Hyperacute T wave requiremnts + potential reason for this

Answer 18

Question 19

Biphasic T wave requirements + potential reason for this

Answer 19

Question 20

Flat T wave requirement + potential reason for this

Answer 20

Question 21

Peaked T wave requirement + potential reason for this

Answer 21

Question 22

Wide QRS complex requirement + potential reason for this

Answer 22

Question 23

Pathological Q wave

Answer 23

Question 24

Low Voltage QRS

Answer 24

Question 25

R wave

Answer 25

Question 26

LVH/RVH

Question 27

Prolonged QT

Answer 27

Question 28

P-wave/PR Interval & Abnormalities

Question 29

Cardiac Axis + Abnormalities

Answer 29

Question 30

ECG Findings for subendocardial ischaemia

Answer 30

Question 31

What is digitalis effect

Answer 31

From Taking too much Digoxin Has a curved ST segment

Question 32

What is an NSTEMI

Answer 32

Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

Question 33

ECG findings for a Transmural Infarction

Answer 33

Can also get a pathological Q-wave (>2mm deep + >0.04ms wide)

Question 34

Pathological Q waves and Infarct Locations

Answer 34

Septal Wall: V1,V2 Anterior Wall: V3,V4 Anterolateral: V3-V6, I, aVL Subendocardial - None aVR is not a reliable lead for diagnosing patological Q wave

Question 35

Other causes of Pathological Q-waves

Answer 35

Bundle Branch Block, Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Question 36

Table to describe subendocardial vs Transmural

Answer 36

Question 37

What is considered a patholoigcal sign of ischaemia

Answer 37

T wave inversion leads V2-V6

Question 38

____ conduction through the atrioventricular node ensures that ventricles have enough time to fill with blood before contracting.

Answer 38

Slow

Question 39

Decreased ventricular filling can result from an

Answer 39

increase in conduction velocity at the atrioventricular node.

Question 40

Increases in conduction velocity at the atrioventricular node can lead to

Answer 40

decreased stroke volume.

Question 41

The resting membrane potential of cardiac cells is primarily determined by

Answer 41

potassium ions.

Question 42

Conduction velocity in the heart is slowest at the

Answer 42

AV node

Question 43

Conduction velocity in the heart is fastest at the

Answer 43

Purkinje fibers

Question 44

_____ in the ECG corresponds to the atrial depolarization.

Answer 44

P wave

Question 45

P wave in the ECG corresponds to the

Answer 45

atrial depolarization

Question 46

The PR-interval in the ECG is the

Answer 46

time from start of atrial depolarization to start of ventricular depolarization (normally <200 msec).

Question 47

The QRS complex in the ECG corresponds to

Answer 47

electrical ventricular depolarization (normally < 120 msec).

Question 48

ECG corresponds to the mechanical contraction of the ventricles

Answer 48

QT interval

Question 49

ECG corresponds to ventricular repolarization

Answer 49

T wave

Question 50

J point of the ECG corresponds to the

Answer 50

junction between the end of QRS-complex and the start of ST-segment.

Question 51

The U wave of the ECG is prominent in

Answer 51

hypokalemia and bradycardia.

Question 52

The lateral leads of the electrocardiogram are leads

Answer 52

I, aVL, V5, and V6.

Question 53

The inferior leads of the electrocardiogram are leads

Answer 53

II, III, and AVF

Question 54

Normally, the R wave is larger than the S wave in

Answer 54

lead V4 on electrocardiogram.

Question 55

The QRS transition zone is usually seen in the chest leads

Answer 55

V3 and V4.

Question 56

QRS transition zone will shift towards a region of

Answer 56

hypertrophy

Question 57

Angina caused by vasospasm, or Prinzmetal’s angina, can cause transient in the absence of an infarction.

Answer 57

ST elevation

Question 58

Ventricular aneurysm can cause persistent

Answer 58

ST elevation in most of the chest leads on electrocardiogram.

Question 59

_______ causes diffuse ST elevation.

Answer 59

Pericarditis

Question 60

Significant Q waves on electrocardiogram indicate

Answer 60

necrosis and are diagnostic of infarction.

Question 61

A large R wave in lead V1 or V2 of electrocardiogram should raise suspicion for a

Answer 61

posterior infarction

Question 62

ST segment depression in the right chest leads of electrocardiogram should raise suspicion for an

Answer 62

acute posterior infarction.