Pharmacology and the Liver

Question 1

What is the linked process of metabolism and excretion referred to as?

Answer 1

elimination

Question 2

What is the minimum effective concentration?

Answer 2

a drug must reach a critical concentration in the plasma

Question 3

What is the maximum tolerated concentration?

Answer 3

a drug must be below a critical concentration that cause unwanted effects

Question 4

What do safe drugs possess in relation to plasma concentration

Answer 4

large therapeutic window

Question 5

At a steady dosing state what is equal?

Answer 5

rate of drug administration and rate of drug elimination

Question 6

What is CI?

Answer 6

sum of all clearance processes

Question 7

For drugs that exhibit first-order kinetics, the steady plasma concentration is linear to what?

Answer 7

infusion rate

Question 8

What is the time to reach Css determined by?

Answer 8

t1/2

Question 9

When is Csss reached?

Answer 9

approximately after 5 half-lives

Question 10

What is the main organ for drug metabolism?

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

Process by which drugs are metabolised in the liver?

Answer 11

First Pass Metabolism

Question 12

2 important effects of drug metabolism

Answer 12

drug is made more hydrophillic and metabolites are less active than parent drug

Question 13

What happens in the phase 1 reaction in the liver?

Answer 13

transformation of a drug to a more polar metabolite - commonly oxidation

Question 14

What happens in a phase 2 reaction?

Answer 14

conjugation with endogenous substance and excretion by kidneys

Question 15

2 metabolic processes that paracetamol undrgoes?

Answer 15

glucuronidation and sulphation

Question 16

What happens if glutathione supply is depleted in paracetamol?

Answer 16

reactive and potentially lethal hepatotoxic metabolite accumulates