Introduction

Question 1

What is pharmacology?

Answer 1

study of chemicals (drugs) that interact with the human body

Question 2

What is pharmodynamics?

Answer 2

what a drug does to the body

Question 3

What is pharmokinetics?

Answer 3

what the body does to a drug

Question 4

What is a drug?

Answer 4

any single synthetic substance of known structure used in treatment, prevention or diagnosis of disease

Question 5

What is a medicine?

Answer 5

chemical preparation containing one or more drugs to cause a therapeutic effect

Question 6

How do drugs act by?

Answer 6

binding to target molecules

Question 7

What does selectivity result from?

Answer 7

chemical structure of the drug and targets recongnising ligands of a precise structure

Question 8

Examples of regulatory proteins that drugs bind to?

Answer 8

enzymes, carrier mocules, ion channels and receptors

Question 9

Additional targets that drugs bind to

Answer 9

DNA and RNA

Question 10

What is a receptor?

Answer 10

macromolecules/ proteins activated by transmitters or hormones and mediate a biological action

Question 11

Two types of receptors

Answer 11

agonist and antagonist

Question 12

What is an agonist?

Answer 12

drug that activates a receptor and causes a response

Question 13

What is an antagonist?

Answer 13

drug that combines with a receptor but does not activate it blocking the agonist binding

Question 14

What is affinity?

Answer 14

strength of association between ligand and receptor

Question 15

what is efficacy?

Answer 15

the ability of an agonist to evoke a cellular response

Question 16

Two features agonists possess?

Answer 16

affinity and efficacy

Question 17

What does antagonists possess and what do they lack?

Answer 17

possess affinity but lack efficacy

Question 18

On a linear plot, what is the relationship between concentration and response

Answer 18

hyperbolic

Question 19

On a semi-logarithmic plot, what is the relationship between concentration and response?

Answer 19

sigmoidal

Question 20

What is EC50?

Answer 20

concentration of agonist that elicits a half maximal response

Question 21

What is competitive antagonism?

Answer 21

binding of agonist and antagonist occur at the same site

Question 22

What is non-competitive antagonism?

Answer 22

agonist binds to orthosteric (same site) and antagonist bind to separate allosteric site

Question 23

What are receptores

Answer 23

protein macromolecules

Question 24

What do partial agonists have lower than full agonists?

Answer 24

efficacy

Question 25

Two ways antagonist may act

Answer 25

competitively or non-competitively

Question 26

What do competitive antagonists cause?

Answer 26

parallel shift of dose-response curve with no depression of maximal response

Question 27

What does non competitive antagonist do to curve?

Answer 27

depress maximum concentration but not cause a rightward shift