Pharmacology Flashcards
Clinical sign that differentiates left pulmonary hypertension from right sided
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
Drug of choice for primary pulmonary hypertension, by inhibiting pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle proliferation
Endothelin receptor antagonists (bosentan)
Only pathogenic fungus that has polysaccharide capsule
Cryptococus neoformans
Difference between the two stains used for Cryptococcus diagnosis
- Highlighted clear halo with India ink
- Red capsule with Mucircarmine stain
Mechanism of action of omalizumab
Binds IgE and blocks the binding to FCERI
Mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids
Inactivate NFkB (transcription factor that produces TNFa)
Mechanism of action of Zileuton
Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriens
Mechanism of action of Montelukast
Blocks leukotriane receptors (cys LT1)
Mechanism of action of Cromolyn
Preventa mast cell degranulation
Viruses that belong to Paramyxovirus family
Parainfluenza virus
RSV virus
Measles/Mumps
Mechanism of action of Methacholine
Muscarinic cholinergic agonist= bronchoconstriction
Asthma px = hyperresponsivity
Classical findings of Histoplasmosis
Mold in environment, yeast at body temperature
Ohio & Mississippi River Valleys
Bats and caves
Macrophages with intracellular small yeasts
Clinical and histological findings of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Collagen deposition/honeycomb Bronchiectasis Digital clubbing Focal fibroblastic proliferation Hyperplasia of type 2 pneumocytes
Glycosyltransferase
Role in peptidoglycan synthesis, component of bacterial cell wall
Lacks peptidoglycan cell wall
Mycoplasma genus
Mechanism of action of Etomidate
GABA agonist. Hemodynamically neutral
Inhibits cortisol synthesis
Next step in a gestant px with a positive screening test for Group B strep colonization
Intrapartum ab (penicilin/ampicillin)
Characteristics of Blastomyces dermatitidis
Broad base budding
Granulomatous nodules
Immunocompetent host
Mississippi and Ohio river
Major virulence factor of Step pneumoniae
Capsule, protects vs phagocytosis
Gram +, diplococcus, catalase -, partial hemolysis, optochin sensitive and bile soluble
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Histological findings of sarcoidosis
Noncaseating granulomas (aggregates of epitheioid macrophages with multinuceated giant cells)
Asbestos exposure increases risk of which type of cancer
Broncogenic carcinoma > mesothelioma
