Pharmacology

Question 1

Common drugs used to treat osteoporosis

Answer 1

• -Oestrogens
• -Oestrogen-related compounds
• -SERMS (selective oestrogen receptor modulators)–raloxifene
• -bisphosphonates
• -calcitonin

Question 2

Medication with best evidence for reduction in fractures in osteoporosis.

Answer 2

Bisphosphonates: potent inhibitor of osteoclast activity

Question 3

Class of Drugs that may be used to treat urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence.

Answer 3

Anticholinergics

Question 4

Anticholinergics
MOA
SE

Answer 4

MOA: reduces bladder contractions and expands the bladder capacity

SE: dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, blurred vision, constipation, urinate retention, tachycardia

Question 5

Examples of anticholinergics

Answer 5

Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
Imipramine (tofranil)
Tolterodine tartrate (detrol)

Question 6

Drug MOA: expands bladder capacity

Answer 6

Oxybutynin (ditropan) and imipramine (tofranil)

Question 7

Drug MOA: controls involuntary contractions of the bladder

Answer 7

Tolterodine tartrate (detrol)

Question 8

Drug MOA: reduces bladder outlet muscles

Answer 8

Tamsulosin (flomax)

Question 9

Drug MOA: decreases tone in the bladder neck

Answer 9

Terozosin (hytrin)

Doxazosin (cardera)

Question 10

Class of drugs used to treat stress incontinence

Answer 10

Alpha-adrenergic agonists

Question 11

Examples of alpha adrenergic agonists

Answer 11

Ephedrine (ephedrin)
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
Phenyl-propanolamine (dexatrim)
Imipramine (tofranil, duloxetine)

Question 12

Tricyclic antidepressant used to treat incontinence

Answer 12

Imipramine (tofranil)

Question 13

Alpha adrenergic agonists
MOA
SE

Answer 13

MOA: strengthens bladder outlet muscle

SE: hypertension, sedation, dizziness, dry mouth, headache, nervousness, and nausea.

Question 14

Class of drugs used to treat urinary retention

Answer 14

Cholinergic agonists

Question 15

Cholinergic agonists
MOA
SE

Answer 15

MOA: contracts the bladder, reduces urethral pressure, and relaxes bladder outlet muscle

SE: hypotension, flushed skin, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, sweating, cardiac problems

Question 16

Drugs used for pelvic pain:

Answer 16

Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline)

Anticonvulsants (gabapentin, pregabalin, lamotrigine)

SSNRI’s (duloxetine, venlafaxine)

Question 17

Side effects of topical steroids

Answer 17

Sensitivity to agent or vehicle

Question 18

Side effects of lidocaine

Answer 18

Occasional sensitivity/ irritation

Question 19

Side effects of tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 19

Oral dryness, constipation, weight gain, occasional neurologic symptoms, cardiac arrhythmias, or urinary retention (require DC)

Question 20

Side effects of SSRI’s

Answer 20

Occasional restlessness, weight gain, fatigue, anorgasma, GI problems, anxiety.

Question 21

Side effects of gabapentin

Answer 21

HA, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, gait and balance problems

Question 22

PCOS meds

Answer 22

Clomifene (infertility)
Gonadotropins (induce ovulation)
Metformin (decrease insulin and androgens)
Anti-androgen drugs

Question 23

Prostatitis medications

Answer 23

Flomax- alpha blocker–relaxes smooth muscle of prostate/bladder neck

Elavil- anti-depressant

Valium- muscle relaxer

Atrivan- muscle relaxer

Antibiotics