Pharmacology Flashcards
Whats the difference between Epidural vs Spinal block?
- Epidural space administration of drugs = regional pain relief but retains ability to mobilise & feel non pain sensations for vaginal delivery
- Spinal block = sub-arachnoid space administration = more rapid regional anaesthesia required for C section procedures = total loss sensation + immobilisation
What is the MOA of NO (gas and air)?
- Stimulates endorphin secretion
- Euphoria
What is the MOA of Bupivacaine?
- Epidural space infusion
- Blocks VG Na+ channels in nociceptive pain fibres
What is the MOA of Pethidine?
- IM injection
- Mu-opiod receptor agonist in CNS - inhibits pre-synaptic GABA
= post-synaptic K+ efflux hyperpolarisation
What is the MOA of Fentanyl?
- IV, infusion or bolus
- Mu-opiod receptor agonist…
- Same as Pethidine but less drug-drug interaction
What are the ADR’s of NO?
Abdominal distension
Addiction
Chronic use may be neurologically toxic
What are the CI’s of NO?
If patient has pneumothorax or air-cavity injury
What are the ADR’s of Bupivacaine?
Cardiac arrhythmias
Dizziness
Convulsions
What are the CI’s of Bupivacaine?
Impaired cardiac conduction
Do not inject into inflamed tissues
What are the ADR’s of Pethidine?
Arrhythmias
Confusion
Respiratory depression
Constipation
What are the CI’s of Pethidine?
Acute resp depression
Head injury
What are the ADR’s of Fentanyl?
Arrhythmias
Confusion
Resp depression
Constipation
What are the CI’s of Fentanyl?
Acute resp depression
Head injury
Why is adrenaline co-administered with local anaesthetics?
To extend drugs half life
Adrenaline = vasoconstrictor - reduces peripheral blood loss = traps LA at site of injection
