Blood Grouping System Flashcards
Who is irradiated blood required for?
Prevents passenger lymphocytes form engrafting on host
- bone marrow transplant
- transfusions from family or HLA matched donors
- patients treated with purine analogues
- hodgekin’s
- intra uterine + exchange transfusion
- severe combined immunodeficiency
Who is CMV negative blood required for?
- Immunocompromised CMV negative patients
- Intra uterine transfusions
- Routine transfusion of CMV-seronegative pregnant women
What is RBC transfusion required for?
- To raise oxygen carrying capacity of blood by raising haemoglobin level
- Acute and chronic anaemia
- Preop blood loss
How is FFP prepared?
Rapid freezing of plasma from whole blood or apheresis
Contains clotting factors
What are the indications for use of FFP?
- Replacement of single factor deficiencies
- DIC
- TTP
- Massive transfusion
- Immediate reversal Warfarin
- Liver disease
Who is solvent detergent plasma used for?
Those born after 1996
Very little fibrinogen
What is cryoprecipitate useful for?
Ongoing bleeding as richest source of fibrinogen
What are platelets given for?
Treatment of haemorrhage in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet function disorders
Which blood groups are most important to consider?
ABO
Rhesus
What is acute haemolytic transfusion reaction?
IgM readily destroys incompatible red cells
What antibodies does type A blood have and what blood types is it compatible with?
Antibodies: Anti-B
Compatible with: A, O
What antibodies does type B blood have and what blood types is it compatible with?
Antibodies: Anti-A
Compatible with: B, O
What antibodies does type AB blood have and what blood types is it compatible with?
Antibodies: none
Compatible with: A, B, AB, O
UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
What antibodies does type O blood have and what blood types is it compatible with?
Antibodies: Anti-A, Anti-B
Compatible with: O
UNIVERSAL DONOR
How does this differ for FFP?
Opposite way around
AB = universal donors
O = universal recipient
How does the Rhesus system work?
Rhesus positivity or negativity = present/absence of antigen D
What happens if a RhD (-) pregnant with pre-existing Anti-D is carrying RhD (+) fetus?
- Immune anti-D antibodies = IgG can cross placenta + destroy fetus red cells
- Intra uterine destruction of fetal red cells = haemolytic disease of newborn (HDN)
- In most cases, sensitisation to fetal RBC’s occurs at birth
Hows is sensitisation of RhD (-) women prevented during pregnancy?
Anti-D given:
1) After each potentially sensitising event
2) Within 72 hours after child birth (if baby RhD +)
What are the main risks of transfusion?
TACO
TRALI
What is TACO?
Transfusion associated circulatory overload
What is TRALI?
Transfusion related acute lung injury
Acute dyspnoea with hypoxia + bilateral pulmonary infiltrates
Why are male FFP donors over female?
Females more likely to be sensitised during pregnancy = more neutrophils in plasma - more allergic reactions possible
