Effect of Growth in Utero + Early Life

Question 1

What is low birth weight linked to?

Answer 1

Diabetes
IHD
Hypertension

Question 2

What is the effect of poor maternal nutrition on the fetus?

Answer 2

Poor growth

Brain-sparing effect = fetal adaptive mechanism to placental insufficiency

Question 3

What is syndrome X?

Answer 3

Cluster of abnormalities caused by increased intake of refined carbs
= hypoglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance
= reduced insulin sensitivity
= hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, obesity, T2DM

Question 4

What are the advantages of breastfeeding?

Answer 4

• Decreases Type 1 & 2 diabetes
• Protects against hypertension
• Less likely to be obese

Question 5

What is the effect of maternal obesity?

Answer 5

Neonatal hypoglycaemia

Question 6

What changes take place when the cord is clamped at birth?

Answer 6

• Decreased glucose
• Decreased insulin
• Increased glucagon
• Glycogen mobilised
• Fat mobilised
• Gluconeogenesis
• Counterregulation
• Clostrum 20-30mls