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Medical Assistant Exam Review > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aa

A

Of each

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2
Q

Ac

A

Before meals

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3
Q

AD

A

Right ear

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4
Q

Ad lib

A

As desired

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5
Q

Amt

A

Amount

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6
Q

Aq

A

Water

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7
Q

AS

A

Left ear

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8
Q

AU

A

Both ears

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9
Q

Bid

A

Twice a day

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10
Q

BSA

A

Body surface area

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11
Q

C

A

With

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12
Q

Caps

A

Capsules

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13
Q

D/c, dc

A

Discontinue

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14
Q

Disp

A

Dispense

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15
Q

Dl

A

Deciliter

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16
Q

Elix

A

Elixir

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17
Q

Emul

A

Emulsion

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18
Q

Et

A

And

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19
Q

Fl

A

Fluid

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20
Q

Hr

A

Hour

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21
Q

Hs

A

Hour of sleep

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22
Q

K

A

Potassium

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23
Q

Mcg

A

Microgram

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24
Q

N

A

Normal

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25
Q

NaCl

A

Sodium chloride

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26
Q

NPO

A

Nothing by mouth

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27
Q

OD

A

Right eye

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28
Q

Ophth

A

Instill in eye

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29
Q

OS

A

Left eye

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30
Q

OTC

A

Over the counter

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31
Q

Otic

A

Instill in ear

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32
Q

OU

A

Both eyes

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33
Q

P

A

After

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34
Q

Pc

A

After meal

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35
Q

Per

A

By, with

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36
Q

PO

A

By mouth

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37
Q

Prn

A

As needed

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38
Q

Q

A

Each

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39
Q

Qh

A

Every hour

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40
Q

Q2h

A

Every 2 hours

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41
Q

Q6h

A

Every 6 hours

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42
Q

Qid

A

4 times a day

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43
Q

Qs

A

Quality sufficient

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44
Q

Rx

A

Prescription

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45
Q

S

A

Without

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46
Q

Sig

A

Label

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47
Q

Ss

A

1/2

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48
Q

STAT

A

Immediately

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49
Q

Tid

A

3 times a day

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50
Q

Pure food and drug act

A

1906
-first drug law passed in United States
-ensure consumer quality
-require label to include ingredients and warnings
-sets U.S. standards for making drugs
-united states pharmacopeia and national drug standards
—source approved medication and chemical formulas for approved drugs

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51
Q

Federal food, drug, and cosmetic act

A

1938

  • law gives food and drug administration authority to oversee safety of drug
  • FDA agency of Department of Health and Human service
  • new products must be FDA approved
  • prescription and non-prescription drugs must be shown effective and safe
  • drug utilization review is required
  • regulation to prevent tampering
  • accurate labels with generic name included
  • requires warning labels
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52
Q

Controlled substance act

A

1970

  • enacted to help reduce abuse of legal and illegal drugs
  • prescriber must register with Drug Enforcement Agency, obtain a DEA registration number, renew annually
  • law is enforced by DEA through Department of Justice
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53
Q

Controlled drugs

A
  • require an Rx due to potential for dependence, abuse, addiction
  • medical facility on site responsibility: maintain 2 year inventory of controlled drug transaction
  • securely store rx form at facility
  • keep current drug reference book available at all times
  • keep controlled substance locked securely
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54
Q

Physical dependence

A

Patient reliance on medication to relieve shaking, pain or other symptoms

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55
Q

Psychological dependance

A

Patient reliance on medication to relieve anxiety, stress, tension, other undesirable mental state

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56
Q

Drug schedule

A

Department of justice place drugs into specific categories (schedule) according to potential for abuse and dependance

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57
Q

Schedule I

A

Drugs with

  • high abuse, addiction potential
  • no medicinal use, no accepted safety for use
  • heroin, mescaline, LSD
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58
Q

Schedule II

A
  • high abuse, addiction potential
  • medicinal use
  • registered DEA license provider must sign Rx
  • Rx must be furnished to pharmacy within 72 hours
  • if stored at facility: must be locked, routinely counted, inventoried, dispensing record kept for 2 years
  • cocaine, morphine, methadone, codeine, Nembutal, percodan, tylox
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59
Q

Schedule III

A
  • lower physical dependance, high psychological dependance potential
  • rx handwritten
  • no DEA number required
  • up to 5 refills in 6 months
  • narcotics, amphetamine-like substance: barbiturates, amphetamine compounds, paregoric, fiorinal
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60
Q

Schedule IV

A
  • lower abuse potential
  • mild tranquilizer, hypnotic: diazepam, Librium, Valium, ambien
  • rx may be written by MA, RN but signed by MD
  • up to 5 refills in 6 months, may be refilled by phone
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61
Q

Schedule V

A

Drugs require written or oral Rx

  • lomotil, robitussin, A-C
  • may be written by MA, RN but signed by MD
  • up to 5 refills in 6 months
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62
Q

United States Parmacopeia and national formulary (USP-NF)

A
  • official source of information for drugs approved by FDA
  • describe drug identification, strength, quality, purity
  • updated every 5 years
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63
Q

United States pharmacopeia dispensing information (USP-DI)

A

-electronic version updated each quarter
-contains 2 volumes:
—volume 1: for prescribers, contains industry respected drug information
—volume 2: advice for patient, written in lay person language, explains proper use of medication, description, precautions, side effects

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64
Q

Physician Drug reference (PDR)

A

-most comprehensive, widely used reference
-organized into 5 categories
—section 1: white-manufacturers index
—section 2: pink-alphabetical arrangement of generic and brand name index
—section 3: blue-classification index
—section 4: gray-manufacturers photographic index displaying medication
—section 5: white-production information
—section 6: white-controlled substance categories, poison control center, drug information centers, sound-alike, look-alike drug names

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65
Q

PDR section 5

A

Provides detailed information for each drug

  • Action: cellular change result from drug use, principal organ site of action
  • cautions: particular risk of using drug, adversity reaction, other side effects, warnings when to discontinue use
  • contraindication: condition which drug administer would be improper, undesirable
  • indication: condition for drug is meant to be used
  • interaction: other drug/food cause interaction alter drug effects, type of drug interaction
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66
Q

Antogonism

A

Type of drug interaction

-occur when presence of 1 drug decrease intensity or shortens duration of another drug effect

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67
Q

Potentiation

A

Type of drug interaction

-occur when 2 drugs taken together, 1 of them exaggerates action of another

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68
Q

Synergism

A

Type of drug interaction
-if 2 drugs taken together are similar in action, combined effect is greater than effect produced if each taken separately

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69
Q

Hypoglycemic

A
  • use to lower blood glucose level of diabetic patient
  • interacts: alcohol, sulfonamide antibacterial drug
  • interaction results: further lowering blood sugar level, severe risk of hypoglycemia
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70
Q

Depressant of central nervous system

A
  • sedatives, narcotic, analgesics, antihistamine, alcohol
  • substance: any CNS depressant listed at left
  • result: dangerous over sedation, respiratory failure
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71
Q

Anticoagulants

A
  • substance: aspirin, non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory, drugs, alcohol, antibiotics
  • result: increase anti-coagulant, effect and risk of abnormal bleeding
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72
Q

Certain type of tetracycline antibiotic

A
  • substance: iron supplement, milk, antacids

- result: reduce effectiveness of antibiotic if taken within 1 hour before, 2 hours after antibiotic

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73
Q

Oral contraceptives

A
  • substance: barbiturates, some types of antibiotic

- result: reduced effectiveness of contraceptive, increase risk of pregnancy

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74
Q

Monoamine, oxidase inhibitor, antidepressant

A
  • substance: meperidine, decongestant, amphetamines, cheese, bananas, red wine, beer, yeast extract, chocolate
  • result: dangerous rises in BP, risk of seizures, brain hemorrhage
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75
Q

Generic or official

A
  • Common, general name given when drug is first produced
  • usually based on chemical name
  • name not protected by trademark
  • drug less costly
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76
Q

Trade or brand name

A
  • name, on FDA approval, manufacturer gives the drug

- name protected by trademark

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77
Q

Chemical

A
  • scientific molecular structure of drug

- long and complicated

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78
Q

Local

A

Drug acts on limited area, which it is administered

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79
Q

Systemic

A

General effect

-drug is transported through bloodstream, carried to 1 or more tissues

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80
Q

Absorption

A

-drug moves into bloodstream from site of administered
-rate which drug passes from intestine into blood stream, amount of drug passing into bloodstream depends on
—drug form, pH of medication, drug concentration, amount of food in stomach, depth of breathing for inhalants

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81
Q

Distribution

A
  • drug leaves bloodstream, pass into tissue space, cell bodies
  • may pass across blood-brain barrier, placenta into fetus
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82
Q

Metabolism

A
  • drug breakdown to another chemical within liver
  • usually result inactivation of drug
  • sometimes convert to active form after liver absorption
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83
Q

Elimination

A
  • excrete in urine

- small amount via saliva, sweat, stool, breast milk, breathing, tears

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84
Q

Curative

A

Kill cause factor of condition or disease

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85
Q

Therapeutic

A

Relieve symptoms of disorder or disease

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86
Q

Destructive

A

Eliminate tumor or organism

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87
Q

Palliative

A

Provide patient comfort, no cure, relieve pain or other symptoms

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88
Q

Prophylactic

A

Lessen severity of disease or prevent condition or disease

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89
Q

Replacement

A

Replace missing substance normally found in body

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90
Q

Diagnostic

A 
Test for allergies (antigen sera)
Radiographic studies (dye injection)
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91
Q

Factor affecting drug action: age

A

—newborn: immature, geriatric: deteriorating-both sensitive to medication
—geriatric: metabolism gastrointestinal function, drug sensitivity, circulation are dosage consideration
—adult patient: dosage calculation based on age, weight
—child patient: dosage calculated basis of mg of drug/kg of body weight, body surface area considered in calculation

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92
Q

Factors affect drug action: body weight

A

Same dose of same drug will have lesser effect on patient weighing more, than weighing less

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93
Q

Cumulation

A

Accumulation of drug in body result in toxicity

  • drug has greater effect and toxic side effects
  • due to lack of elimination between administration
  • other factors are weight, age, sex, environment, psychological, genetics, allergies
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94
Q

Factor affect drug action: Disease

A

Kidney, liver disease affect drug action

-drug action may begin the disease process affecting body organs

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95
Q

Factor affecting drug action: drug-drug interaction

A

One drug may potentially or lessen action of another drug

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96
Q

Factor affecting drug action: immune response

A

May cause body to develop antibodies, any future administration of same drug produce allergic reaction

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97
Q

Factor affect drug action: sex

A

Pregnant women, other women, men all affected differently by drugs

  • IM medication are absorbed more quickly by men than women
  • caution must be used with drug administration to pregnant women, so not to affect fetus
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98
Q

Factor affect drug action: tolerance

A

Reduce responsiveness to drug

-may be inherited or acquired by use of drug over length of time

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99
Q

Adverse reaction

A

Include ototoxicity, tinnitus, photosensitivity, nephrotoxicity

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100
Q

Toxic effects

A

Poisonous effect result of idiosyncrasies, single overdose, accumulation in blood level over time

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101
Q

Side effects

A
  • predictable reaction to drug, can be expected to occur due to way drug work on different tissues
  • are inevitable for most type of drugs
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102
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors side effects

A

Dizziness, dry mouth, vomiting, cough, rash

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103
Q

Antibiotics side effects

A

Diarrhea , thrush, rash

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104
Q

Anticholinergic drugs side effects

A

Blurred vision, dry mouth, urine retention

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105
Q

Antidepressant side effect

A

Drowsiness, dry mouth, blur vision, constipation

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106
Q

Antihistamines side effects

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, clumsiness

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107
Q

Barbiturates side effects

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, clumsiness

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108
Q

Benzodiazepines side effect

A

Dizziness, drowsiness

109
Q

Beta blockers side effects

A

Wheezing, cold hand/feet, impotence

110
Q

Cytotoxic anti-cancer drug side effects

A

Hair loss, diarrhea, vomiting, sore in mouth

111
Q

Narcotic analgesic side effects

A

Constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness

112
Q

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug side effects

A

Indigestion, nausea, diarrhea, black bowel movement

113
Q

Thiazide diuretics side effect

A

Sensitive to light, impotence

114
Q

Vasodilator Side effect

A

Dizziness, fainting, ankle swelling

115
Q

Tylenol with codeine

A

Analgesic

  • generic name: acetaminophen and codeine
  • used for: pain reliever, antipyretic
116
Q

Endocet

A

Analgesic

  • generic name: oxycodone/APAP
  • action: pain reliever, narcotics
117
Q

Aleve

A

Analgesic

  • generic name: naproxen
  • action: non opioid pain reliever, NSAID, antipyretic
118
Q

Novocaine

A

Analgesic

  • generic: procaine
  • use: numbing local topical area
119
Q

Xylocaine

A

Analgesic

  • generic: lidocaine 0.5% injection
  • use: localized numbing
120
Q

Oxycontin

A

Analgesic

  • generic: oxycodone
  • use: chronic, moderate, severe pain relief of more than few days
121
Q

Percocet, roxicet

A

Analgesic

  • generic: oxycodone/acetaminophen
  • use: pain reliever, narcotic
122
Q

Ultram

A

Analgesic

  • generic: tramadol hydrochloride
  • use: moderate pain relief, non-narcotic
123
Q

Allegra

A

Anti allergy agents

  • generic: fexofenadine
  • use: seasonal allergy rhinitis, chronic idiopathic, urticaria, anti-histamine
124
Q

Atarax

A

Anti-allergy agent

  • generic: hydroxyzine hydrochloride
  • use: antihistamine, antiemetic
125
Q

Clarinex

A

Anti allergy agents

  • generic: desloratadine
  • use: seasonal allergy, H1 histamine antagonist
126
Q

Hydrocodone

A

Anti-allergy agents

  • generic: hydrocodone, bitartrate
  • use: a Titus I’ve for nonproductive dry cough, narcotic
127
Q

Zyrtec

A

Anti-allergy agents

  • generic: cetirizine
  • use: seasonal/perennial allergic rhinitis, chronic idiopathic urticaria, pruritus reduction, hives
128
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Antibiotics

  • generic: amoxicillin
  • use: anti-infective, systemic chronic/acute infections
129
Q

Amoxil

A

Antibiotics

  • generic: amoxicillin
  • use: anti-infective, acute/chronic systemic infections, anti ulcers, ENT infection
130
Q

Augmentin

A

Antibiotic

  • generic: amoxicillin clavulanate
  • use: soft tissue infection, moderate/severe bacterial infection, otitis media, sinusitis, UTI
131
Q

Bactrim

A

Antibiotic

  • generic: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
  • use: UTI, URI, otitis media
132
Q

Biaxin

A

Antibiotic

  • generic: clarithromycin
  • use: mild-moderate URI, chronic bronchitis, uncomplicated skin infection
133
Q

Cefzil

A

Antibiotic

  • generic: cefprozil
  • use: streptococcus, staphylococcus: cause URI and skin infection
134
Q

Cipro

A

Antibiotic

  • generic: ciprofloxacin
  • use: UTI, URI, bone/joint infection, otitis media, skin infection
135
Q

Aspirin

A

Anticoagulants

  • generic: aspirin/ASA
  • use: blood thinner, analgesic, antipyretic
136
Q

Coumadin

A

Anticoagulants

  • generic: warfarin
  • use: clotting disorders, myocardial infarction, chronic atrial fibrillation, blood thinner
137
Q

Dilantin

A

Anti-arrhythmic agents

  • generic: phenytoin
  • use: anticonvulsant
138
Q

Lanoxin

A

Anti-arrhythmic agent

  • generic: digoxin
  • use: slow/ strengthens heartbeat, hypertension
139
Q

Paxil

A

Antidepressant

  • generic: paroxetine hydrochloride
  • use: depression, anxiety, panic disorders
140
Q

Wellbutrin XL

A

Antidepressant

  • generic: bupropion hydrochloride
  • use: depression
141
Q

Zoloft

A

Antidepressant

  • generic: sertraline hydrochloride
  • use: depression, obsessive compulsive disorder
142
Q

Avandia

A

Anti diabetic agents

  • generic: rosiglitazone maleate
  • use: NIDDM (type 2 diabetics)
143
Q

Glucophage

A

Anti-diabetic agents

  • generic: metformin
  • use: NIDDM (type 2)
144
Q

Glucotrol XL

A

Anti-diabetic agents

  • generic: glipizide
  • NIDDM (type 2)
145
Q

Diflucan

A

Antifungal agents

  • generic: fluconazole
  • use: oropharyngeal, vaginal/systemic candidiasis
146
Q

Mycostatin

A

Anti-fungal agent

  • generic: nystatin
  • use: candida-skin/mucous membrane infection
147
Q

Lipitor

A

Anti-hyperlipidemic agents

  • generic: atorvastatin calcium
  • use reduction of cholesterol levels
148
Q

Pravachol

A

Anti-hyperlipidemic agents

  • generic: pravastatin sodium
  • use: reduce cholesterol levels
149
Q

Accupril

A

Anti-hypertensive agents

  • generic: quinapril hydrochloride
  • use: hypertension, CHF, ACE inhibitor
150
Q

Cozaar

A

Anti-hypertensive agent

  • generic: losartan potassium
  • use: hypertension
151
Q

Lasix

A

Anti-hypertensive agents

  • generic: furosemide
  • use hypertension, CHF, diuretic for edema
152
Q

Lotensin

A

Anti-hypertensive agent

  • generic: benazepril hydrochloride
  • use: hypertensive
153
Q

Norvasc

A

Anti-hypertensive agent

  • generic: amlodipine besylate
  • use: hypertensive, angina, calcium channel blocker
154
Q

Prinivil

A

Anti-hypertensive agent

  • generic: lisinopril
  • use: hypertension, ACE inhibitor, CHF
155
Q

Toprol XL

A

Anti-hypertensive agent

  • generic: metoprolol succinate
  • use: hypertension, aging pectoris
156
Q

Zestril

A

Anti-hypertensive agent

  • generic: lisinopril
  • hypertension, ACE inhibitor, CHF
157
Q

Aleve

A

Anti-inflammatory agent

  • generic: neproxen
  • use: arthritis, dysmenorrhea
158
Q

Celebrex

A

Anti-inflammatory agent

  • generic: celecoxib
  • use: pain associated with arthritis
159
Q

Prevacid

A

Anti-ulcer agents

  • generic: lansoprazole
  • use: short term treatment for active duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, erosive esphagitis
160
Q

Prilosec

A

Anti-ulcer agent

  • generic: omeprazole
  • use: gastric/duodenal ulcer, GERD
161
Q

Aminophylline

A

Bronchodilators

  • generic: theophylline ethylenediamine
  • use: bronchospasm prevention and symptom relief
162
Q

Epi-EZ pen, primatene mist suspension

A

Bronchodilators

  • generic: epinephrine
  • use: temp relief of bronchospasm from asthma, anaphylactic reaction
163
Q

Proventil HFA

A

Bronchodilators

  • generic: albuterol
  • use: prevent bronchospasm associated with asthma/bronchitis
164
Q

Flonase

A

Corticosteroids

  • generic: fluticasone
  • use: seasonal/perennial allergic/non allergic rhinitis
165
Q

Nasonex

A

Corticosteroids

  • generic: mometason furoate
  • use: steroid-dependent asthma, seasonal/perennial allergic rhinitis
166
Q

Climara

A

Hormones

  • generic: estradiol
  • use: contraceptive, HRT
167
Q

Humulin N insulin

A

Hormones

  • generic: isophane insulin, human rDNA
  • use: hyperglycemia, IDDM (type I)
168
Q

Premarin

A

Hormone

  • estrogen
  • use: imbalance: breast/prostate, osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms
169
Q

Synthroid

A

Hormone

  • generic: levothyroxine
  • use: hypothyroidism, cretinism, myxedema
170
Q

Ambien

A

Hypnotic/sedative

  • generic: zolpidem tartrate
  • use: insomnia
171
Q

Lunesta

A

Hypnotic/sedative

  • generic: exopiclone
  • use: insomnia
172
Q

Fosamax

A

Supplemental / replacement

  • generic: alendronate
  • use: treat/prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
173
Q

Klor-con

A

Supplement/replacement

  • generic: potassium chloride
  • use: hypokalemia, electrolytes supplements
174
Q

Levoxyl

A

Supplement/replacement

  • generic: levothyroxine
  • use: treat low thyroid function
175
Q

Right dose

A

Check amount of drug and correct strength

176
Q

Right drug

A
  • check label 3 times
  • on removal from storage
  • while preparing
  • on return to storage
177
Q

Right technique

A

Admitted drug using correct method, at correct site

178
Q

Right route

A

Administer drug using correct route: oral, topical, parenteral, optic, ophthalmic

179
Q

Right time

A

Administer drug correct time, some patient should be told when next dose is due

180
Q

Right patient

A

Know patient when drug is to be administered, verify name and DOB

181
Q

Right documentation

A
  • patient name
  • date/time administer
  • drug name/dosage
  • route used, site if injected, any complication
  • any adverse reaction
  • reason for not administering
  • signed by medical assistant
182
Q

Prescription components

A
  • written by MD, filled by pharmacy
  • indicate medication needed, include all direction for pharmacist and patient
  • name of drug, dosage, when given, how given, how many times given, date of order, signature of MD who wrote it
183
Q

Inscription

A

Name of drug, dosage, form, strength

184
Q

Superscription

A

Patient name, address, date, symbol Rx

185
Q

Subscription

A

Number of doses dispensed and quanitities

186
Q

Signature

A

Direction for taking drug, usually preceded by term sig.

187
Q

Oral administration

A

Convenient, safe, relatively inexpensive

Most drug taken 1-2 hours after meal

188
Q

Caplet

A

solid form

Shape like capsule, but consistency of tablet

189
Q

Capsule

A

solid form
Two part container
Shell dissolve in gastrointestinal tract
Drug-imbedded powder or beds contain inside

190
Q

Tablet

A

solid form
Compressed powder
Various shapes, colors, may be enteric coated, scored or layered

191
Q

Elixir

A

Liquid form

Solution contain sugar, alcohol, water

192
Q

Emulsion

A

Liquid form

Fine droplets of fat globules in water

193
Q

Solution

A

Liquid form

  • liquid homogeneous preparation contain 1 or more substance
  • combo made of solute ( dissolved substance), solvent (liquid in solute is dissolved
194
Q

Spirit

A

Liquid form

Solution contain alcohol

195
Q

Suspension

A

Liquid form

Drug particles suspend within liquid, not dissolved

196
Q

Syrup

A

Liquid containing sugar

197
Q

Tincture

A

Liquid form

Solution of drug dissolved in alcohol with or without water

198
Q

Liniment

A

Topical
Drug mix with oil, soap, water, alcohol
-used externally on skin to produce warmth in area where drug is needed

199
Q

Lotion

A

Topical

  • suspension/emulsion preparation
  • externally on skin in area where drug is needed
200
Q

Ointment

A

Topical

  • salve with fatty base
  • petroleum jelly, lanolin, lard
  • applied externally on skin where needed
201
Q

Transdermal

A

Typically contain in adhesive patch or disk attach to skin

-allow for slow control delivery through skin to deeper tissue or circulation system

202
Q

Suppository

A

Melt after insertion

  • rectally, vaginally, urethra
  • pt should be in sim’s position
203
Q

Eye ointment

A

Tip allow dispensing small stream into bottom eyelid

204
Q

Eye drops

A

Placed in center of lower conjunctival sac

205
Q

Buccal

A

Meds in tablet or gum form

  • absorption through gum and cheek
  • do not chew
206
Q

Sublingual

A

Placed under tongue, dissolve and absorbed

207
Q

Inhalation

A

Nasal/mouth membrane delivery occur through atomizer or inhaler
-suspenses as tiny droplets in aerosol form

208
Q

Otic (ear)

A

Drop form is common for otic med instillation

-drop instillation: pull pinna up and back for adults; pull lobe down and back for child less than 3 years old

209
Q

Parenteral injection

A
  • used when drug cannot be orally given, by mucous membrane, topically
  • surest and fastest method of drug delivery to body
  • risk of overdose is higher
  • effectiveness is determine by site blood supply
210
Q

Needle gauges

A
  • determine by size of needle lumen

- higher number, smaller lumen is

211
Q

Intravenous (IV)

A

Instantaneous effect

212
Q

Intradermal (ID)

A

-bevel up, do not aspirate, use for purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin test

213
Q

Subcutaneous (SC)

A
  • grasp skin form 1 inch fold
  • aspirate
  • inject slowly
  • for insulin: roll vial between palm to mix evenly, do not shake, do not massage after injection (true for imferon and heparin)
214
Q

Intramuscular (IM)

A
  • stretch skin taut
  • aspirate
  • inject slowly
  • cover site
  • massage
215
Q

Z track injection

A
  • pull skin 1.5 inch away from injection site
  • insert 90 degree in dart-like fashion
  • aspirate
  • inject slowly
  • wait 10 seconds before withdrawing, remove needle same angle, release skin
  • do not massage
216
Q

Kilo

A

1000

217
Q

Hecto

A

100

218
Q

Deka

A

10

219
Q

Deci

A

1/10 of unit

0.1

220
Q

Centi

A

1/100 of unit

0.01

221
Q

Milli

A

1/1000 of unit

0.001

222
Q

Micro

A

1/ 1000000 of unit

0.000001

223
Q

Milliliter

A

ML

224
Q

Liter

A

L

225
Q

Cubic centimeter

A

Cc

226
Q

Grain

A

Gr

227
Q

Microgram

A

Mcg

228
Q

Milligram

A

Mg

229
Q

Gram

A

G

230
Q

Kilogram

A

Kg

231
Q

Millimeter

A

Mm

232
Q

Centimeter

A

Cm

233
Q

Meter

A

M

234
Q

Ounce

A

Oz

235
Q

Pound

A

Lb

236
Q

Teaspoon

A

Tsp

237
Q

Tablespoon

A

Tbsp

238
Q

Pint

A

Pt

239
Q

Quart

A

Qt

240
Q

Gallon

A

Gal

241
Q

Inch

A

In

242
Q

Length

A

Measure in meters

100 centimeter = 1 meter

243
Q

Volume

A

Fluids
Measure in liters
1000 milliliter = 1 liter

244
Q

Weight

A 
Solids
Measure in grams
1000 mcg = 1 mg
1000 mg = 1 g
1000 g = 1 kilogram
245
Q

Convert metric weight

A
  • mg to g: divide by 1000, move decimal 3 place left
  • g to mg: multiply by 1000, move decimal 3 place right
  • g to kg: divide by 1000, move decimal point 3 places to left
  • kg to g: multiply by 1000, move decimal 3 place to right
246
Q

Convert metric volume

A
  • L to mL: multiply by 1000, move decimal 3 place right

- mL to L: divide by 1000, move decimal 3 place left

247
Q

Volume

A
  • 1 teaspoon = 5 mL
  • 1 tablespoon = 15 mL
  • 1 ounce = 30 mL
  • 1 cup = 240 mL
  • 1 pint = 500 mL
  • 1 quart = 1000 mL, 1000 cc
248
Q

Weight

A
  • 1 ounce = 30 g
  • 16 ounces = 1 pound
  • 2.2 lb = 1 kg
249
Q

Length

A

2.5 cm = 1 inch

250
Q

Formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

C = (F-32) x 5/9

Subtract 32 from Fahrenheit, multiply result by 5, divide result by 9

251
Q

Formula convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

F = 9 x C + 32

Multiply C by 9, divide result by 5, add 32 to results

252
Q

Dosing calculation

A

-use ratio proportion method to solve for X
—ratio is way to show relationships between numerator and denominator of fraction
—proportion comparison of 2 ratios
-set up equation to have X represent your unknown
-to left of equal sign, set up equivalent measure you know
-follow same sequence on right side of equal sign, insert X for unknown looking for
-proportion method use term means and extremes
-multiply together known means or extreme
-take answer, divide by 1 known extreme

253
Q

Ampule

A

Small profiled glass container, holding sterile solution or powder
-has scored neck, design for 1 use only

254
Q

Aspirate

A

Pull back on hypodermic plunger to ensure needle is not in blood vessels

  • no blood should be present in needle barrel
  • failure to aspirate, may deliver IM or SC injection into IV injection
255
Q

Average dose

A

Most effective with minimum toxic effect

256
Q

Cartridge-needle unit

A

Hold pre-measured medication, disposed after use

257
Q

Dispense

A

Prepare and give medication to patient

258
Q

Divided dose

A

Smaller measured portion given at shorter intervals

259
Q

Enteric coated

A

Drug form designed to bypass stomach, dissolve in intestine

260
Q

Initial dose

A

First dose

261
Q

Maintenance dose

A

Amount needed for drug to remain at therapeutic level in bloodstream

262
Q

Maximum dose

A

Largest amount given that is safe

263
Q

Medication unit

A

Expresses potency of drug too varied in their potency

264
Q

Minimum dose

A

Smallest amount will still be effective

265
Q

Pharmacodynamic

A

Analysis of drug effect on living organism

266
Q

Prescribe

A

Recommended or order therapeutic treatment or use of drug

267
Q

Toxic dose

A

Amount cause sign / symptoms of drug poisoning

268
Q

Vital

A

Profiled small glass container holding sterile solution or powder, rubber stopper for needle entry

269
Q

Wheal

A

Slight elevation of skin

Result of ID injections

Medical Assistant Exam Review (10 decks)

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