Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
Aa
A
Of each
2
Q
Ac
A
Before meals
3
Q
AD
A
Right ear
4
Q
Ad lib
A
As desired
5
Q
Amt
A
Amount
6
Q
Aq
A
Water
7
Q
AS
A
Left ear
8
Q
AU
A
Both ears
9
Q
Bid
A
Twice a day
10
Q
BSA
A
Body surface area
11
Q
C
A
With
12
Q
Caps
A
Capsules
13
Q
D/c, dc
A
Discontinue
14
Q
Disp
A
Dispense
15
Q
Dl
A
Deciliter
16
Q
Elix
A
Elixir
17
Q
Emul
A
Emulsion
18
Q
Et
A
And
19
Q
Fl
A
Fluid
20
Q
Hr
A
Hour
21
Q
Hs
A
Hour of sleep
22
Q
K
A
Potassium
23
Q
Mcg
A
Microgram
24
Q
N
A
Normal
25
NaCl
Sodium chloride
26
NPO
Nothing by mouth
27
OD
Right eye
28
Ophth
Instill in eye
29
OS
Left eye
30
OTC
Over the counter
31
Otic
Instill in ear
32
OU
Both eyes
33
P
After
34
Pc
After meal
35
Per
By, with
36
PO
By mouth
37
Prn
As needed
38
Q
Each
39
Qh
Every hour
40
Q2h
Every 2 hours
41
Q6h
Every 6 hours
42
Qid
4 times a day
43
Qs
Quality sufficient
44
Rx
Prescription
45
S
Without
46
Sig
Label
47
Ss
1/2
48
STAT
Immediately
49
Tid
3 times a day
50
Pure food and drug act
1906
-first drug law passed in United States
-ensure consumer quality
-require label to include ingredients and warnings
-sets U.S. standards for making drugs
-united states pharmacopeia and national drug standards
—source approved medication and chemical formulas for approved drugs
51
Federal food, drug, and cosmetic act
1938
- law gives food and drug administration authority to oversee safety of drug
- FDA agency of Department of Health and Human service
- new products must be FDA approved
- prescription and non-prescription drugs must be shown effective and safe
- drug utilization review is required
- regulation to prevent tampering
- accurate labels with generic name included
- requires warning labels
52
Controlled substance act
1970
- enacted to help reduce abuse of legal and illegal drugs
- prescriber must register with Drug Enforcement Agency, obtain a DEA registration number, renew annually
- law is enforced by DEA through Department of Justice
53
Controlled drugs
- require an Rx due to potential for dependence, abuse, addiction
- medical facility on site responsibility: maintain 2 year inventory of controlled drug transaction
- securely store rx form at facility
- keep current drug reference book available at all times
- keep controlled substance locked securely
54
Physical dependence
Patient reliance on medication to relieve shaking, pain or other symptoms
55
Psychological dependance
Patient reliance on medication to relieve anxiety, stress, tension, other undesirable mental state
56
Drug schedule
Department of justice place drugs into specific categories (schedule) according to potential for abuse and dependance
57
Schedule I
Drugs with
- high abuse, addiction potential
- no medicinal use, no accepted safety for use
- heroin, mescaline, LSD
58
Schedule II
- high abuse, addiction potential
- medicinal use
- registered DEA license provider must sign Rx
- Rx must be furnished to pharmacy within 72 hours
- if stored at facility: must be locked, routinely counted, inventoried, dispensing record kept for 2 years
- cocaine, morphine, methadone, codeine, Nembutal, percodan, tylox
59
Schedule III
- lower physical dependance, high psychological dependance potential
- rx handwritten
- no DEA number required
- up to 5 refills in 6 months
- narcotics, amphetamine-like substance: barbiturates, amphetamine compounds, paregoric, fiorinal
60
Schedule IV
- lower abuse potential
- mild tranquilizer, hypnotic: diazepam, Librium, Valium, ambien
- rx may be written by MA, RN but signed by MD
- up to 5 refills in 6 months, may be refilled by phone
61
Schedule V
Drugs require written or oral Rx
- lomotil, robitussin, A-C
- may be written by MA, RN but signed by MD
- up to 5 refills in 6 months
62
United States Parmacopeia and national formulary (USP-NF)
- official source of information for drugs approved by FDA
- describe drug identification, strength, quality, purity
- updated every 5 years
63
United States pharmacopeia dispensing information (USP-DI)
-electronic version updated each quarter
-contains 2 volumes:
—volume 1: for prescribers, contains industry respected drug information
—volume 2: advice for patient, written in lay person language, explains proper use of medication, description, precautions, side effects
64
Physician Drug reference (PDR)
-most comprehensive, widely used reference
-organized into 5 categories
—section 1: white-manufacturers index
—section 2: pink-alphabetical arrangement of generic and brand name index
—section 3: blue-classification index
—section 4: gray-manufacturers photographic index displaying medication
—section 5: white-production information
—section 6: white-controlled substance categories, poison control center, drug information centers, sound-alike, look-alike drug names
65
PDR section 5
Provides detailed information for each drug
- Action: cellular change result from drug use, principal organ site of action
- cautions: particular risk of using drug, adversity reaction, other side effects, warnings when to discontinue use
- contraindication: condition which drug administer would be improper, undesirable
- indication: condition for drug is meant to be used
- interaction: other drug/food cause interaction alter drug effects, type of drug interaction
66
Antogonism
Type of drug interaction
| -occur when presence of 1 drug decrease intensity or shortens duration of another drug effect
67
Potentiation
Type of drug interaction
| -occur when 2 drugs taken together, 1 of them exaggerates action of another
68
Synergism
Type of drug interaction
-if 2 drugs taken together are similar in action, combined effect is greater than effect produced if each taken separately
69
Hypoglycemic
- use to lower blood glucose level of diabetic patient
- interacts: alcohol, sulfonamide antibacterial drug
- interaction results: further lowering blood sugar level, severe risk of hypoglycemia
70
Depressant of central nervous system
- sedatives, narcotic, analgesics, antihistamine, alcohol
- substance: any CNS depressant listed at left
- result: dangerous over sedation, respiratory failure
71
Anticoagulants
- substance: aspirin, non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory, drugs, alcohol, antibiotics
- result: increase anti-coagulant, effect and risk of abnormal bleeding
72
Certain type of tetracycline antibiotic
- substance: iron supplement, milk, antacids
| - result: reduce effectiveness of antibiotic if taken within 1 hour before, 2 hours after antibiotic
73
Oral contraceptives
- substance: barbiturates, some types of antibiotic
| - result: reduced effectiveness of contraceptive, increase risk of pregnancy
74
Monoamine, oxidase inhibitor, antidepressant
- substance: meperidine, decongestant, amphetamines, cheese, bananas, red wine, beer, yeast extract, chocolate
- result: dangerous rises in BP, risk of seizures, brain hemorrhage
75
Generic or official
- Common, general name given when drug is first produced
- usually based on chemical name
- name not protected by trademark
- drug less costly
76
Trade or brand name
- name, on FDA approval, manufacturer gives the drug
| - name protected by trademark
77
Chemical
- scientific molecular structure of drug
| - long and complicated
78
Local
Drug acts on limited area, which it is administered
79
Systemic
General effect
| -drug is transported through bloodstream, carried to 1 or more tissues
80
Absorption
-drug moves into bloodstream from site of administered
-rate which drug passes from intestine into blood stream, amount of drug passing into bloodstream depends on
—drug form, pH of medication, drug concentration, amount of food in stomach, depth of breathing for inhalants
81
Distribution
- drug leaves bloodstream, pass into tissue space, cell bodies
- may pass across blood-brain barrier, placenta into fetus
82
Metabolism
- drug breakdown to another chemical within liver
- usually result inactivation of drug
- sometimes convert to active form after liver absorption
83
Elimination
- excrete in urine
| - small amount via saliva, sweat, stool, breast milk, breathing, tears
84
Curative
Kill cause factor of condition or disease
85
Therapeutic
Relieve symptoms of disorder or disease
86
Destructive
Eliminate tumor or organism
87
Palliative
Provide patient comfort, no cure, relieve pain or other symptoms
88
Prophylactic
Lessen severity of disease or prevent condition or disease
89
Replacement
Replace missing substance normally found in body
90
Diagnostic
```
Test for allergies (antigen sera)
Radiographic studies (dye injection)
```
91
Factor affecting drug action: age
—newborn: immature, geriatric: deteriorating-both sensitive to medication
—geriatric: metabolism gastrointestinal function, drug sensitivity, circulation are dosage consideration
—adult patient: dosage calculation based on age, weight
—child patient: dosage calculated basis of mg of drug/kg of body weight, body surface area considered in calculation
92
Factors affect drug action: body weight
Same dose of same drug will have lesser effect on patient weighing more, than weighing less
93
Cumulation
Accumulation of drug in body result in toxicity
- drug has greater effect and toxic side effects
- due to lack of elimination between administration
- other factors are weight, age, sex, environment, psychological, genetics, allergies
94
Factor affect drug action: Disease
Kidney, liver disease affect drug action
| -drug action may begin the disease process affecting body organs
95
Factor affecting drug action: drug-drug interaction
One drug may potentially or lessen action of another drug
96
Factor affecting drug action: immune response
May cause body to develop antibodies, any future administration of same drug produce allergic reaction
97
Factor affect drug action: sex
Pregnant women, other women, men all affected differently by drugs
- IM medication are absorbed more quickly by men than women
- caution must be used with drug administration to pregnant women, so not to affect fetus
98
Factor affect drug action: tolerance
Reduce responsiveness to drug
| -may be inherited or acquired by use of drug over length of time
99
Adverse reaction
Include ototoxicity, tinnitus, photosensitivity, nephrotoxicity
100
Toxic effects
Poisonous effect result of idiosyncrasies, single overdose, accumulation in blood level over time
101
Side effects
- predictable reaction to drug, can be expected to occur due to way drug work on different tissues
- are inevitable for most type of drugs
102
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors side effects
Dizziness, dry mouth, vomiting, cough, rash
103
Antibiotics side effects
Diarrhea , thrush, rash
104
Anticholinergic drugs side effects
Blurred vision, dry mouth, urine retention
105
Antidepressant side effect
Drowsiness, dry mouth, blur vision, constipation
106
Antihistamines side effects
Dizziness, drowsiness, clumsiness
107
Barbiturates side effects
Dizziness, drowsiness, clumsiness
108
Benzodiazepines side effect
Dizziness, drowsiness
109
Beta blockers side effects
Wheezing, cold hand/feet, impotence
110
Cytotoxic anti-cancer drug side effects
Hair loss, diarrhea, vomiting, sore in mouth
111
Narcotic analgesic side effects
Constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness
112
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug side effects
Indigestion, nausea, diarrhea, black bowel movement
113
Thiazide diuretics side effect
Sensitive to light, impotence
114
Vasodilator Side effect
Dizziness, fainting, ankle swelling
115
Tylenol with codeine
Analgesic
- generic name: acetaminophen and codeine
- used for: pain reliever, antipyretic
116
Endocet
Analgesic
- generic name: oxycodone/APAP
- action: pain reliever, narcotics
117
Aleve
Analgesic
- generic name: naproxen
- action: non opioid pain reliever, NSAID, antipyretic
118
Novocaine
Analgesic
- generic: procaine
- use: numbing local topical area
119
Xylocaine
Analgesic
- generic: lidocaine 0.5% injection
- use: localized numbing
120
Oxycontin
Analgesic
- generic: oxycodone
- use: chronic, moderate, severe pain relief of more than few days
121
Percocet, roxicet
Analgesic
- generic: oxycodone/acetaminophen
- use: pain reliever, narcotic
122
Ultram
Analgesic
- generic: tramadol hydrochloride
- use: moderate pain relief, non-narcotic
123
Allegra
Anti allergy agents
- generic: fexofenadine
- use: seasonal allergy rhinitis, chronic idiopathic, urticaria, anti-histamine
124
Atarax
Anti-allergy agent
- generic: hydroxyzine hydrochloride
- use: antihistamine, antiemetic
125
Clarinex
Anti allergy agents
- generic: desloratadine
- use: seasonal allergy, H1 histamine antagonist
126
Hydrocodone
Anti-allergy agents
- generic: hydrocodone, bitartrate
- use: a Titus I’ve for nonproductive dry cough, narcotic
127
Zyrtec
Anti-allergy agents
- generic: cetirizine
- use: seasonal/perennial allergic rhinitis, chronic idiopathic urticaria, pruritus reduction, hives
128
Amoxicillin
Antibiotics
- generic: amoxicillin
- use: anti-infective, systemic chronic/acute infections
129
Amoxil
Antibiotics
- generic: amoxicillin
- use: anti-infective, acute/chronic systemic infections, anti ulcers, ENT infection
130
Augmentin
Antibiotic
- generic: amoxicillin clavulanate
- use: soft tissue infection, moderate/severe bacterial infection, otitis media, sinusitis, UTI
131
Bactrim
Antibiotic
- generic: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- use: UTI, URI, otitis media
132
Biaxin
Antibiotic
- generic: clarithromycin
- use: mild-moderate URI, chronic bronchitis, uncomplicated skin infection
133
Cefzil
Antibiotic
- generic: cefprozil
- use: streptococcus, staphylococcus: cause URI and skin infection
134
Cipro
Antibiotic
- generic: ciprofloxacin
- use: UTI, URI, bone/joint infection, otitis media, skin infection
135
Aspirin
Anticoagulants
- generic: aspirin/ASA
- use: blood thinner, analgesic, antipyretic
136
Coumadin
Anticoagulants
- generic: warfarin
- use: clotting disorders, myocardial infarction, chronic atrial fibrillation, blood thinner
137
Dilantin
Anti-arrhythmic agents
- generic: phenytoin
- use: anticonvulsant
138
Lanoxin
Anti-arrhythmic agent
- generic: digoxin
- use: slow/ strengthens heartbeat, hypertension
139
Paxil
Antidepressant
- generic: paroxetine hydrochloride
- use: depression, anxiety, panic disorders
140
Wellbutrin XL
Antidepressant
- generic: bupropion hydrochloride
- use: depression
141
Zoloft
Antidepressant
- generic: sertraline hydrochloride
- use: depression, obsessive compulsive disorder
142
Avandia
Anti diabetic agents
- generic: rosiglitazone maleate
- use: NIDDM (type 2 diabetics)
143
Glucophage
Anti-diabetic agents
- generic: metformin
- use: NIDDM (type 2)
144
Glucotrol XL
Anti-diabetic agents
- generic: glipizide
- NIDDM (type 2)
145
Diflucan
Antifungal agents
- generic: fluconazole
- use: oropharyngeal, vaginal/systemic candidiasis
146
Mycostatin
Anti-fungal agent
- generic: nystatin
- use: candida-skin/mucous membrane infection
147
Lipitor
Anti-hyperlipidemic agents
- generic: atorvastatin calcium
- use reduction of cholesterol levels
148
Pravachol
Anti-hyperlipidemic agents
- generic: pravastatin sodium
- use: reduce cholesterol levels
149
Accupril
Anti-hypertensive agents
- generic: quinapril hydrochloride
- use: hypertension, CHF, ACE inhibitor
150
Cozaar
Anti-hypertensive agent
- generic: losartan potassium
- use: hypertension
151
Lasix
Anti-hypertensive agents
- generic: furosemide
- use hypertension, CHF, diuretic for edema
152
Lotensin
Anti-hypertensive agent
- generic: benazepril hydrochloride
- use: hypertensive
153
Norvasc
Anti-hypertensive agent
- generic: amlodipine besylate
- use: hypertensive, angina, calcium channel blocker
154
Prinivil
Anti-hypertensive agent
- generic: lisinopril
- use: hypertension, ACE inhibitor, CHF
155
Toprol XL
Anti-hypertensive agent
- generic: metoprolol succinate
- use: hypertension, aging pectoris
156
Zestril
Anti-hypertensive agent
- generic: lisinopril
- hypertension, ACE inhibitor, CHF
157
Aleve
Anti-inflammatory agent
- generic: neproxen
- use: arthritis, dysmenorrhea
158
Celebrex
Anti-inflammatory agent
- generic: celecoxib
- use: pain associated with arthritis
159
Prevacid
Anti-ulcer agents
- generic: lansoprazole
- use: short term treatment for active duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, erosive esphagitis
160
Prilosec
Anti-ulcer agent
- generic: omeprazole
- use: gastric/duodenal ulcer, GERD
161
Aminophylline
Bronchodilators
- generic: theophylline ethylenediamine
- use: bronchospasm prevention and symptom relief
162
Epi-EZ pen, primatene mist suspension
Bronchodilators
- generic: epinephrine
- use: temp relief of bronchospasm from asthma, anaphylactic reaction
163
Proventil HFA
Bronchodilators
- generic: albuterol
- use: prevent bronchospasm associated with asthma/bronchitis
164
Flonase
Corticosteroids
- generic: fluticasone
- use: seasonal/perennial allergic/non allergic rhinitis
165
Nasonex
Corticosteroids
- generic: mometason furoate
- use: steroid-dependent asthma, seasonal/perennial allergic rhinitis
166
Climara
Hormones
- generic: estradiol
- use: contraceptive, HRT
167
Humulin N insulin
Hormones
- generic: isophane insulin, human rDNA
- use: hyperglycemia, IDDM (type I)
168
Premarin
Hormone
- estrogen
- use: imbalance: breast/prostate, osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms
169
Synthroid
Hormone
- generic: levothyroxine
- use: hypothyroidism, cretinism, myxedema
170
Ambien
Hypnotic/sedative
- generic: zolpidem tartrate
- use: insomnia
171
Lunesta
Hypnotic/sedative
- generic: exopiclone
- use: insomnia
172
Fosamax
Supplemental / replacement
- generic: alendronate
- use: treat/prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
173
Klor-con
Supplement/replacement
- generic: potassium chloride
- use: hypokalemia, electrolytes supplements
174
Levoxyl
Supplement/replacement
- generic: levothyroxine
- use: treat low thyroid function
175
Right dose
Check amount of drug and correct strength
176
Right drug
- check label 3 times
- on removal from storage
- while preparing
- on return to storage
177
Right technique
Admitted drug using correct method, at correct site
178
Right route
Administer drug using correct route: oral, topical, parenteral, optic, ophthalmic
179
Right time
Administer drug correct time, some patient should be told when next dose is due
180
Right patient
Know patient when drug is to be administered, verify name and DOB
181
Right documentation
- patient name
- date/time administer
- drug name/dosage
- route used, site if injected, any complication
- any adverse reaction
- reason for not administering
- signed by medical assistant
182
Prescription components
- written by MD, filled by pharmacy
- indicate medication needed, include all direction for pharmacist and patient
- name of drug, dosage, when given, how given, how many times given, date of order, signature of MD who wrote it
183
Inscription
Name of drug, dosage, form, strength
184
Superscription
Patient name, address, date, symbol Rx
185
Subscription
Number of doses dispensed and quanitities
186
Signature
Direction for taking drug, usually preceded by term sig.
187
Oral administration
Convenient, safe, relatively inexpensive
| Most drug taken 1-2 hours after meal
188
Caplet
solid form
| Shape like capsule, but consistency of tablet
189
Capsule
solid form
Two part container
Shell dissolve in gastrointestinal tract
Drug-imbedded powder or beds contain inside
190
Tablet
solid form
Compressed powder
Various shapes, colors, may be enteric coated, scored or layered
191
Elixir
Liquid form
| Solution contain sugar, alcohol, water
192
Emulsion
Liquid form
| Fine droplets of fat globules in water
193
Solution
Liquid form
- liquid homogeneous preparation contain 1 or more substance
- combo made of solute ( dissolved substance), solvent (liquid in solute is dissolved
194
Spirit
Liquid form
| Solution contain alcohol
195
Suspension
Liquid form
| Drug particles suspend within liquid, not dissolved
196
Syrup
Liquid containing sugar
197
Tincture
Liquid form
| Solution of drug dissolved in alcohol with or without water
198
Liniment
Topical
Drug mix with oil, soap, water, alcohol
-used externally on skin to produce warmth in area where drug is needed
199
Lotion
Topical
- suspension/emulsion preparation
- externally on skin in area where drug is needed
200
Ointment
Topical
- salve with fatty base
- petroleum jelly, lanolin, lard
- applied externally on skin where needed
201
Transdermal
Typically contain in adhesive patch or disk attach to skin
| -allow for slow control delivery through skin to deeper tissue or circulation system
202
Suppository
Melt after insertion
- rectally, vaginally, urethra
- pt should be in sim’s position
203
Eye ointment
Tip allow dispensing small stream into bottom eyelid
204
Eye drops
Placed in center of lower conjunctival sac
205
Buccal
Meds in tablet or gum form
- absorption through gum and cheek
- do not chew
206
Sublingual
Placed under tongue, dissolve and absorbed
207
Inhalation
Nasal/mouth membrane delivery occur through atomizer or inhaler
-suspenses as tiny droplets in aerosol form
208
Otic (ear)
Drop form is common for otic med instillation
| -drop instillation: pull pinna up and back for adults; pull lobe down and back for child less than 3 years old
209
Parenteral injection
- used when drug cannot be orally given, by mucous membrane, topically
- surest and fastest method of drug delivery to body
- risk of overdose is higher
- effectiveness is determine by site blood supply
210
Needle gauges
- determine by size of needle lumen
| - higher number, smaller lumen is
211
Intravenous (IV)
Instantaneous effect
212
Intradermal (ID)
-bevel up, do not aspirate, use for purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin test
213
Subcutaneous (SC)
- grasp skin form 1 inch fold
- aspirate
- inject slowly
- for insulin: roll vial between palm to mix evenly, do not shake, do not massage after injection (true for imferon and heparin)
214
Intramuscular (IM)
- stretch skin taut
- aspirate
- inject slowly
- cover site
- massage
215
Z track injection
- pull skin 1.5 inch away from injection site
- insert 90 degree in dart-like fashion
- aspirate
- inject slowly
- wait 10 seconds before withdrawing, remove needle same angle, release skin
- do not massage
216
Kilo
1000
217
Hecto
100
218
Deka
10
219
Deci
1/10 of unit
| 0.1
220
Centi
1/100 of unit
| 0.01
221
Milli
1/1000 of unit
| 0.001
222
Micro
1/ 1000000 of unit
| 0.000001
223
Milliliter
ML
224
Liter
L
225
Cubic centimeter
Cc
226
Grain
Gr
227
Microgram
Mcg
228
Milligram
Mg
229
Gram
G
230
Kilogram
Kg
231
Millimeter
Mm
232
Centimeter
Cm
233
Meter
M
234
Ounce
Oz
235
Pound
Lb
236
Teaspoon
Tsp
237
Tablespoon
Tbsp
238
Pint
Pt
239
Quart
Qt
240
Gallon
Gal
241
Inch
In
242
Length
Measure in meters
| 100 centimeter = 1 meter
243
Volume
Fluids
Measure in liters
1000 milliliter = 1 liter
244
Weight
```
Solids
Measure in grams
1000 mcg = 1 mg
1000 mg = 1 g
1000 g = 1 kilogram
```
245
Convert metric weight
- mg to g: divide by 1000, move decimal 3 place left
- g to mg: multiply by 1000, move decimal 3 place right
- g to kg: divide by 1000, move decimal point 3 places to left
- kg to g: multiply by 1000, move decimal 3 place to right
246
Convert metric volume
- L to mL: multiply by 1000, move decimal 3 place right
| - mL to L: divide by 1000, move decimal 3 place left
247
Volume
- 1 teaspoon = 5 mL
- 1 tablespoon = 15 mL
- 1 ounce = 30 mL
- 1 cup = 240 mL
- 1 pint = 500 mL
- 1 quart = 1000 mL, 1000 cc
248
Weight
- 1 ounce = 30 g
- 16 ounces = 1 pound
- 2.2 lb = 1 kg
249
Length
2.5 cm = 1 inch
250
Formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
C = (F-32) x 5/9
Subtract 32 from Fahrenheit, multiply result by 5, divide result by 9
251
Formula convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
F = 9 x C + 32
Multiply C by 9, divide result by 5, add 32 to results
252
Dosing calculation
-use ratio proportion method to solve for X
—ratio is way to show relationships between numerator and denominator of fraction
—proportion comparison of 2 ratios
-set up equation to have X represent your unknown
-to left of equal sign, set up equivalent measure you know
-follow same sequence on right side of equal sign, insert X for unknown looking for
-proportion method use term means and extremes
-multiply together known means or extreme
-take answer, divide by 1 known extreme
253
Ampule
Small profiled glass container, holding sterile solution or powder
-has scored neck, design for 1 use only
254
Aspirate
Pull back on hypodermic plunger to ensure needle is not in blood vessels
- no blood should be present in needle barrel
- failure to aspirate, may deliver IM or SC injection into IV injection
255
Average dose
Most effective with minimum toxic effect
256
Cartridge-needle unit
Hold pre-measured medication, disposed after use
257
Dispense
Prepare and give medication to patient
258
Divided dose
Smaller measured portion given at shorter intervals
259
Enteric coated
Drug form designed to bypass stomach, dissolve in intestine
260
Initial dose
First dose
261
Maintenance dose
Amount needed for drug to remain at therapeutic level in bloodstream
262
Maximum dose
Largest amount given that is safe
263
Medication unit
Expresses potency of drug too varied in their potency
264
Minimum dose
Smallest amount will still be effective
265
Pharmacodynamic
Analysis of drug effect on living organism
266
Prescribe
Recommended or order therapeutic treatment or use of drug
267
Toxic dose
Amount cause sign / symptoms of drug poisoning
268
Vital
Profiled small glass container holding sterile solution or powder, rubber stopper for needle entry
269
Wheal
Slight elevation of skin
| Result of ID injections
