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NCS > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-Psychotics (Role)

A
  • directed at inhibiting dopamine transmission
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2
Q

Chlorpromazine is a type of..

A

Anti-psychotic (first gen)

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3
Q

Haloperidol is a type of..

A

Anti-psychotic (first gen)

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4
Q

Perphenazine is a type of…

A

Anti-psychotic (first gen)

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5
Q

Fluphenazine is a type of…

A

Anti-psychotic (first gen)

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6
Q

Unique adverse effect of anti-psychotic?

A
  • long term effect can lead to tar dive dyskinesia
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7
Q

Sedatives/Hypotnics (role)

A
  • depress the CNS to produce calming and relaxing effects
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8
Q

Estazolam, flurazepam, quazepam, and clonazepam are all types of….

A

Benzodiazepines

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9
Q

What are benzodiazepines used to treat?

A
  • anxiety, seizures, spasticity

- type of sedative

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10
Q

Major adverse effect of benzodiazepine?

A

Physical dependence, with serious withdrawal symptoms

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11
Q

Amobarbital, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital are all examples of?

A

Barbituates (non-benzodiazepines)

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12
Q

What is the primary role of a barbituate?

A
  • used to promote sleep
  • general anesthetic
  • not commonly used b/c highly addictive
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13
Q

Zaleplon, zolpidem, and eszopiclone are all what type of medication?

A

Non-benzodiazepine sedative

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14
Q

What is the primary use of dexmedetomidine (precedex)?

A
  • sedative in ICU to control agitation, anxiety,etc

- decreases sympathetic response

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15
Q

What is Carbamazepine (Tegretol) used to treat?

A

Partial seizures

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16
Q

What is Phenytoin (Dilantin)) used to for?

A

Partial seizures

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17
Q

What is oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) used for?

A

partial seizures

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18
Q

What is Valproic Acid (Valproate) used for?

A

Partial seizures and tonic clonic seizures

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19
Q

What is Lamotrigine (lamictal) used for?

A

Generalized tonic -clonic seizures

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20
Q

What is topiramate (topamax) used for?

A

Generalized tonic-clonic seizures

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21
Q

Methylphenidate (Ritalin), amphetamines, and dopamine agonists are all classified as what type of medication?

A

Neurostimulant

22
Q

Tizanidine is used to treat what?

A

Spasticity (oral)

23
Q

Baclofen is used to treat what?

A

Spasticity (oral)

24
Q

Diazepam is used to treat what?

A

Spasticity (oral)

25
Q

Dantrolene sodium is used to treat what?

A

Spasticity

26
Q

Clonidine is used to treat what?

A

Spasticity (oral)

27
Q

Gabapentin is used to treat what?

A

Spasticity (oral)

28
Q

Tizanidine is specifically used when, when treating spasticity?

A

In conditions with marked muscle weakness

29
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action for Baclofen?

A

binds to GABA receptors and inhibits spinal reflexes

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Diazepam when treating spasticity?

A

Inhibits GABA receptors and pre/post synaptic reflexes

  • used with painful spasms, especially at night
31
Q

What is the mechanism of action for dantrolene sodium?

A

Acts directly on skeletal muscle by preventing release of Ca+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum

  • used with severe spasms and spinal cord lesions
32
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Clonidine when treating spasticity?

A
  • decreases polysynaptic reflex activity

- used with spasticity associated with uncontrolled hypertension

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Gabapentin when acting on spasticity?

A
  • similar structure to GABA

- used with MS and SCI

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Botulinum Toxin injections when acting on spasticity?

A
  • acts on neuromuscular junction by inhibiting release of acetylcholine at pre-synaptic terminal
  • results in weakness and decreased muscle tone
  • lasts 2-6 mos
35
Q

Which antibiotic can damage hair cells?

A

Gentamicin

36
Q

Which medication for HD is used to suppress chorea?

A

Tetrabenazine

37
Q

Which is the only medication approved to treat ALS?

A

Riluzole

38
Q

Which medication is the gold standard for treating PD?

A

Levodopa-Carbidopa (Sinemet)

39
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Levodopa?

A

Precursor to dopamine that is able to cross the BBB, b/c dopamine cannot

40
Q

What is the role of Carbidopa?

A

Prevents Levodopa from converting into dopamine in the periphery

41
Q

What is the role of Dopamine agonists when treating PD?

A
  • directly stimulates dopamine receptors
  • used for initial or adjunct therapy with sinemet
  • longer half life of sinemet but not as effective
42
Q

Mirapex, Requip, and Neupro are all what category of medication?

A

Dopamine agonists treating PD

43
Q

What is the role of COMT inhibitors when treating PD?

A
  • prevents peripheral degradation of levodopa

- may decrease “off” time or reduce levodopa dose necessary for clinical effect

44
Q

Comtan and Tasmar are categorized as what type of medication?

A

COMT inhibitor

45
Q

What is the role of MAO type-B inhibitors in treating PD?

A
  • blocks the breakdown of dopamine in the brain
46
Q

Selegiline and Rasagiline are what type of medication?

A

MAO type B inhibitor

47
Q

What is the role of anticholinergics when treating PD?

A
  • reduce over-activity of acetylcholine; inhibit dopamine reuptake in the striatum
  • used mainly for tremors and rigidity
48
Q

Artane and Cogentin are what type of medication?

A

Anticholinergics

49
Q

What is the role of amantadine when treating PD?

A
  • dopamine agonist and dopamine reuptake inhibitor

- often used to treat dyskinesia

50
Q

Symmetries and Kemadrin are what type of medication?

A

Amantadine

51
Q

What kind of medication is meclizine?

A

Vestibular suppressant

NCS (5 decks)

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