Pharmacology Flashcards
Anti-Psychotics (Role)
- directed at inhibiting dopamine transmission
Chlorpromazine is a type of..
Anti-psychotic (first gen)
Haloperidol is a type of..
Anti-psychotic (first gen)
Perphenazine is a type of…
Anti-psychotic (first gen)
Fluphenazine is a type of…
Anti-psychotic (first gen)
Unique adverse effect of anti-psychotic?
- long term effect can lead to tar dive dyskinesia
Sedatives/Hypotnics (role)
- depress the CNS to produce calming and relaxing effects
Estazolam, flurazepam, quazepam, and clonazepam are all types of….
Benzodiazepines
What are benzodiazepines used to treat?
- anxiety, seizures, spasticity
- type of sedative
Major adverse effect of benzodiazepine?
Physical dependence, with serious withdrawal symptoms
Amobarbital, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital are all examples of?
Barbituates (non-benzodiazepines)
What is the primary role of a barbituate?
- used to promote sleep
- general anesthetic
- not commonly used b/c highly addictive
Zaleplon, zolpidem, and eszopiclone are all what type of medication?
Non-benzodiazepine sedative
What is the primary use of dexmedetomidine (precedex)?
- sedative in ICU to control agitation, anxiety,etc
- decreases sympathetic response
What is Carbamazepine (Tegretol) used to treat?
Partial seizures
What is Phenytoin (Dilantin)) used to for?
Partial seizures
What is oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) used for?
partial seizures
What is Valproic Acid (Valproate) used for?
Partial seizures and tonic clonic seizures
What is Lamotrigine (lamictal) used for?
Generalized tonic -clonic seizures
What is topiramate (topamax) used for?
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Methylphenidate (Ritalin), amphetamines, and dopamine agonists are all classified as what type of medication?
Neurostimulant
Tizanidine is used to treat what?
Spasticity (oral)
Baclofen is used to treat what?
Spasticity (oral)
Diazepam is used to treat what?
Spasticity (oral)
Dantrolene sodium is used to treat what?
Spasticity
Clonidine is used to treat what?
Spasticity (oral)
Gabapentin is used to treat what?
Spasticity (oral)
Tizanidine is specifically used when, when treating spasticity?
In conditions with marked muscle weakness
What is the primary mechanism of action for Baclofen?
binds to GABA receptors and inhibits spinal reflexes
What is the mechanism of action of Diazepam when treating spasticity?
Inhibits GABA receptors and pre/post synaptic reflexes
- used with painful spasms, especially at night
What is the mechanism of action for dantrolene sodium?
Acts directly on skeletal muscle by preventing release of Ca+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum
- used with severe spasms and spinal cord lesions
What is the mechanism of action for Clonidine when treating spasticity?
- decreases polysynaptic reflex activity
- used with spasticity associated with uncontrolled hypertension
What is the mechanism of action for Gabapentin when acting on spasticity?
- similar structure to GABA
- used with MS and SCI
What is the mechanism of action of Botulinum Toxin injections when acting on spasticity?
- acts on neuromuscular junction by inhibiting release of acetylcholine at pre-synaptic terminal
- results in weakness and decreased muscle tone
- lasts 2-6 mos
Which antibiotic can damage hair cells?
Gentamicin
Which medication for HD is used to suppress chorea?
Tetrabenazine
Which is the only medication approved to treat ALS?
Riluzole
Which medication is the gold standard for treating PD?
Levodopa-Carbidopa (Sinemet)
What is the mechanism of action of Levodopa?
Precursor to dopamine that is able to cross the BBB, b/c dopamine cannot
What is the role of Carbidopa?
Prevents Levodopa from converting into dopamine in the periphery
What is the role of Dopamine agonists when treating PD?
- directly stimulates dopamine receptors
- used for initial or adjunct therapy with sinemet
- longer half life of sinemet but not as effective
Mirapex, Requip, and Neupro are all what category of medication?
Dopamine agonists treating PD
What is the role of COMT inhibitors when treating PD?
- prevents peripheral degradation of levodopa
- may decrease “off” time or reduce levodopa dose necessary for clinical effect
Comtan and Tasmar are categorized as what type of medication?
COMT inhibitor
What is the role of MAO type-B inhibitors in treating PD?
- blocks the breakdown of dopamine in the brain
Selegiline and Rasagiline are what type of medication?
MAO type B inhibitor
What is the role of anticholinergics when treating PD?
- reduce over-activity of acetylcholine; inhibit dopamine reuptake in the striatum
- used mainly for tremors and rigidity
Artane and Cogentin are what type of medication?
Anticholinergics
What is the role of amantadine when treating PD?
- dopamine agonist and dopamine reuptake inhibitor
- often used to treat dyskinesia
Symmetries and Kemadrin are what type of medication?
Amantadine
What kind of medication is meclizine?
Vestibular suppressant
