Pharmacology Flashcards
Loop diuretics
-ex, site of action, MOA
Ex: furosemide, ethacrynic acide, bumetanide, torsemide
Site of action: Loop of Henle
MOA: inhibits the Na/K/2Cl transporter, decreasing urine concentration and increasing calcium excretion
Loops lose calcium
Loop diuretics side effects
Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Hypocalcemia Dehydration Gout
Thiazide diuretics
-examples, site of action, MOA
Ex: HCTZ, chlorthalidone
Site of action: early distal tubule
MOA: Decreases NaCl reabsorption leading to decreased diluting capacity of nephron; decreases calcium excretion
Thiazide diuretics side effects
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis Hyponatremia HyperGLUC -hyperglycemia -hyperlipidemia -hyperuricemia -hypercalcemia
Potassium sparing diuretics
-Ex, Site of action, MOA
Ex: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride
Site of action: cortical collecting tubule
MOA: spironolactone is an aldosterone inhibitor; the others block Na channels
Potassium sparing diuretics side effects
Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia
Sexual dysfunction
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
-ex, site of action, MOA
Ex: acetazolamide
Site: proximal convoluted tubule
MOA: inhibits carbonic anhydrase; decreases total body HCO3
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor side effects
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
neuropathy
NH3 toxicity
Sulfa allergy
Osmotic agents
-ex, site of action, MOA
Ex: mannitol
Site: proximal tubule
MOA: increases tubular fluid osmolarity leading to increased urine flow
Mannitol side effects
Pulmonary edema
Dehydration
Contraindicated in anuria and CHF
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
-MOA, effect on lipids, side effects
aka statins
MOA: inhibits rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis
Effect on lipids: decrease LDL and TG
SE: myositis, increase LFTs, warfarin potentiation
Fibrates
-MOA, effects, SE
ie gemfibrozil
MOA: increase lipoprotein lipase which increases VLDL and TG catabolism
Effects: decreases TG, increases HDL
Side effects: GI upset, cholelithiasis, myositis, increases LFTs
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
-MOA, effects, SE
ie ezetimibe
MOA: decreases absorption of cholesterol and the small intestine brush border
Effects: decreases LDL
SE: diarrhea, abdominal pain, can cause angioedema
Niacin
-MOA, effects, SE
MOA: decreases fatty acid release from adipose tissue; decreases hepatic synthesis of LDL
Effects: increases HDL, decreases LDL
AE: skin flushing (prevented w/ ASA because its prostaglandin mediated), paresthesias, pruritis, GI upset, increased LFTs
Bile acid resins
-MOA, effects, SE
ex: cholestyramine
MOA: binds intestinal bile acids leading to decreased bile acid stores and increased catabolism of LDL from plasma
Effects: decreased LDL
SE: constipation, GI upset, LF abnormalities, myalgias; can decrease absorption of other drugs from the small intestine
