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PANCE > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Loop Diuretic

Meds/MOA/SE

A

Meds: Furosemide, Bumetanide

MOA: inhibit water transport at loop of henle

S/E: hypokelemia CI: sulfa allergy

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2
Q

Distal Diuretics

Meds/MOA/SE

A

Meds: HCTZ, Chlorthalidone

MOA: inhibit water transport at distal diluting tubule (1st Choice of HTN)

S/E: hyperuricemia/hyperglycemia (careful with DM/gout)

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3
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A

Meds: Spironolactone

MOA: inhibit aldosterone mediated sodium and water transport

S/E: hyperkelemia, *gynecomastia*

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4
Q

ACE inhibitor

Meds/MOA/SE/CI

A

Meds: -pril medication

MOA: preload/afterload decrease (blocks ACE2), reno protective, but stop use if Cr>3 or CrCl<30, (1st Choice of HF)

S/E: cough/angioedema

CI: pregnancy

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5
Q

ARB

Meds/MOA/SE/CI

A

Meds: -sartan

MOA: blocks ACE 2 (2nd option for unable to use ACEI)

S/E: DO NOT CAUSE Cough/angioedema

CI: pregnancy

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6
Q

CCB

Meds/MOA/SE/CI

A

Meds

  • Dihydro - Nifedipine, amlodipine
    • MOA: Vasodilator w/ NO CARDIAC effect
  • Non-dihydro - verapamil, diltiazem (class4 antiarrhythmic)
    • MOA: Vasodilator w/ CARDIAC effect

S/E: verapamil - constipation CI: CHF, 2nd/3rd block

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7
Q

BB

Meds/MOA/SE

A

Meds

  • Cardioselective (B1) - atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol (effective on HF)
  • Nonselective (B1,2) - propranolol (Not effective on HF)
  • Both alpha + beta 1,2 - labetalol, carvedilol (class 2 antiarrhythmic)

MOA: block catecholamine (slow conduction) (1st choice of chronic angina)

S/E: hypotension (MC)

CI: Nonselective meds - asthma/COPD

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8
Q

Alpha blocker

Meds/MOA/SE

A

Meds: -zosin

MOA: binding to the alpha receptors in smooth muscle or blood vessels to block cetain nerve (Good for use who has BPH + HTN)

S/E: dizziness, orthostatic hypotension

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9
Q

1a class anti arrhythmic

Meds/MOA/IND

A

Meds: procainamide(WPW 1st), quinidine

MOA: Sodium block - depress depolarization/slow conduction/prolong repolarize

IND: atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

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10
Q

1b class anti arrhythmic

Meds/MOA/IND/CI/SE

A

Meds: lidocaine

MOA: short repolarize

IND: stable VT

CI: narrow SVT

S/E: neurotoxicity

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11
Q

1c class anti arrhythmic

Meds/MOA/IND

A

Meds: flecanamide, propafenone

MOA: depress replolarize

IND: life treatening Vtach/Vfib

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12
Q

PCB

Meds/MOA/IND/SE

A

Meds: Amiodarone, ibutilide (class 3 antiarrhythmic)

MOA: potassium block

IND: atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

S/E: pulmonic fibrosis, thyroid disorder, corneal deposit, hepatotoxcity

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13
Q

Digoxin

MOA/IND/SE

A

MOA: NA/K ATP pump inhibitor

IND: HF (less hospitalization but no mortality effect)

S/E: green/yellow visual, Shorten QT, inverted T wave (digitalis effect)

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14
Q

Nitrate

MOA/IND/SE/CI

A

MOA: Vasodilator (pre/afterload decrease)

IND: acute angina *NTG can be repeat in 5 min up to 3 time*

S/E: flushing, HA

CI: Right side MI(inferior), use with sildenafil/PDE-5 inhibitor

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15
Q

Asa

MOA/IND

A

MOA: Cox 1 pathway to inhibit platelet activation/aggregation

IND: acute pericarditis, HF, angina, ACS - best mortality benefit in ACS

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16
Q

Unfrac Heparin (UFH) vs LMWH

Benefit/MOA/SE

A

Benefit: LMWH does not need monitor due to longer half life

MOA: both works on factor 10a + anti-thrombin III to stop cascade

S/E: thrombocytopenia

17
Q

Fibrolytic

Meds/MOA/alternative med

A

Meds: -plase meds Alteplase, tenectaplase, reteplase

MOA: activated plasminogen -> plasmin -> dessolve clot

streptokinase - alternative plase meds -> less risk of ICH, used for suspect ICH

18
Q

Antithrombin med

Meds

A

Meds

  • Antiplatelet - ASA, clopidogrel (if allergy to ASA use it)
  • Anticoagulant(LMWH) - -parin meds Enoxaparin (OK for pregnancy)
19
Q

Anticoagulant

Meds

A

Meds

  • Non vit K - Dabigatran (direct thrombin inhibit), -xaban (apixaban) meds (factor Xa)
  • Vit K - warfarin (INR 2-3)

Benefit: Non K is preferred due to no need to monitor INR and less Drug interaction

IND: use for A fib after event 4-6 weeks, PE, DVT

20
Q

ACEI and BB is beneficial in HF how do they helps?

A

ACEI - wall remodeling/lower ventricle wall pressure

BB - prevent dysrhythmia, improve EF

21
Q

Niacin (Vit B3)

MOA/SE

A

MOA: increase HDL by delaying HDL clearance

S/E: flush, HA, pruritus (ASA or IBU prior to dose helpful for flush)

22
Q

HMGcoA reductase inhibitors

A

Meds: -Statins

MOA: inhibit hepatic cholesterol synthesis

S/E: myositis/myalgias/rhabdomyolysis, hepatitis

23
Q

Fibrates

Meds/MOA/SE

A

Meds: Gemfibrozil/fenofibrate -fib- meds

MOA: inhibit peripheral lipolysis & reduce hepatic triglyceride production

S/E: gallstone

24
Q

Bile acid sequestrants

A

Meds: Cholestyramine, Colestipol, colesvelam

MOA: bind to bile acids in intestine blocking enterohepatic reabsorption of bile acids (Only meds safe in pregnancy)

S/E: N/V/D

25
Q

Ezetimibe

MOA

A

MOA: inhibit intestine cholesterol absorption

26
Q

Quick relief Asthma meds

Class/Meds/MOA

A

SABA

  • Meds: Albuterol, Terbutaline, EPI
  • MOA: Peripheral Bronchodilator

Anti-cholinergic

  • Meds: Ipratropium
  • MOA: Central bronchodilator

Corticosteriod

  • Meds: Prednisone, Methylprednisone
  • MOA: Anti-inflammatory
27
Q

Long term asthma meds

5 Class/Meds/MOA

A

ICS

  • Meds - baclomethasone, triamcinolone
  • MOA - anti-inflammatory

LABA

  • Meds - Salmeterol
  • MOA - bronchodilator

Mast cell stabilizer

  • Meds - Cromolyn
  • MOA - inhibit mast cell (prevention for exercise)

Leukotriene modifier/receptor antagonists

  • Meds - montelukast, zafirlukast
  • MOA - blocks leukotrience receptor

Theophylline

  • MOA - bronchodilator
28
Q
  1. ICS S/E
  2. SABA S/E
  3. Mast cell stabilizer prevents?
  4. which long term is good for allegic rinitis/aspirin induced asthma?
  5. Costicosteriod S/E
  6. Anticholinergic S/E
A
  1. Thrush
  2. B1 cross activity
  3. exercise
  4. Montelukast (LTRA)
  5. growth delay, osteoprosis
  6. Thirsty, dry mouth, BPH
29
Q
  1. Rifampin S/E
  2. INH S/E (prevention?)
  3. Pyrazinamide S/E
  4. Ethambutal S/E
A
  1. Urinary orange color
  2. Periphery neuropathy (need B6)
  3. hepatitis
  4. optic neuritis

PANCE (12 decks)

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