Mix study Flashcards
Ectropion vs Entropion
Identify/Tx
Ectropion - lid turn outward due to relaxation
Entropion - lid turn inward due to spasms
Tx: Surgical correction
Patient present with tearing swelling to medial nasal side of lower lid. Extraocular motion and visions are intact.
Name/Pathogen/Cause/Sx/Tx
Name: Dacrocystitis
Pathogen: S. Aureus
Cause: Infection of the lacrimal sac
Sx: pain (tenderness), swelling, Otherwise Normal vision, Normal ocular movement
Tx
- Mild: Clindamycin
- Severe: Vancomycin
Pt complaining of rubbing her eyes, and complains of itching. Both eyes appear irritated and red-rimmed with clear scales adherent to her lashes.
Name/Cause/Gland involve/Pathogen/Sx/Dx/Tx
Name: Blepharitis
Cause: Inflammation of BOTH eyelid,
Gland involve: dysfunction of Meibomian gland
Pathogen: infectious (S. aureus), Seborrheic
Sx: Crusting, Scaling, RED-RIMMING of the eyelid & eyelash flaking
Dx: Slit-lamp
Tx: Eyelid hygiene
- topical bacitracin or erythromycin ointment for acute exacerbation
Hordeolum (stye) vs Chalazion
Location/Cause/Sx/Tx
Hordeolum (stye)
- Location: Close to eyelash follicle
- Cause: S. Aureus (infection)
- Sx: PAINFUL
- Tx: Warm compression and I&D
Chalazion
- Location: MC on the upper lid
- Cause: blocked the internal Meibomian gland
- Sx: NOT PAINFUL, Lump
- Tx: Eyelid hygiene, Prolonged then I&D
Pterygium vs Pinguecula
Cause/PE/Tx
Pterygium
- Cause: UV exposure, sand wind
- PE: Fleshy, traiangular-sharped (nasal side of eye)
- Tx: Observe
Pinguecula
- PE: Nasal side of sclera (yellow, elevated nodule)
- Tx: Observe
Pt present with hyphema due to direct blow trauma. PE revealed enopthalmos (eyeball inward)
Name/Tx
Name: Globe rupture
Tx: Rigid eye shield + immediate ophtho consult
- Hyphema place at 45 degree
Pt had hx of direct trauma. PE reveals upward gaze diplopia (double vision) and eyemovement limitation
Name/MC fx/Muscle entrapt/Dx/Tx
Name: Orbital floor fx
MC site: Maxillary
Muscle entrapt: inferior rectus
Dx: CT scan
Tx
- Nasal decongestants (decrease pain)
- Avoid blowing nose
- Corticosteriod (reduce edema)
- Abx
- Surgical repair
71 year old pt with gradual Central vision loss, Scotoma (blind spot), Metamorphopsia (line bent)
Name/Risk/2 type and cause/Dx/Tx
Name: Macular degeneration
Risk: 50y< (MC blindness in elderly)
2 type and cause
- Dry - Drusen - accumulation of waste products(breakdown of retina) from the retinal pigment
- Wet - Abnormal vessel
Dx: Amsler grid (dry), Fluorescein angiography (wet)
Tx
- Dry - Zinc, Vitamin A,C,E (slow down progression)
- Wet - - Zumab meds
DM retinopathy vs HTN retinopathy
hx of/Grade/Tx
DM retinopathy
- hx of DM
- Type:
- Nonproliferative: Cotton wool, Hard exudate, Dot hemorrhages
- Proliferative: Neovascularization
- Tx: control glucose
HTN retinopathy
- hx of HTN
- Grades
- Grade 1 - Arterial narrowing
- Grade 2 - AV nicking
- Grade 3 - Flamed shaped hemorrhage, cottonwool spot (soft exudate)
- Grade 4 - Papilledema (Malignant HTN)
- Tx: Control HTN
Pt complain with Flash light, floater, and Unilater vision loss (curtain down)
Name/Cause/Dx/Tx/Confused w/ other
Name: Retinal detachment
Cause: Retinal tear
Dx: Funduscopy - flapping, Shafer’s sign (brown colored pigment)
Tx: Ophtho Emergency (DO NOT USE MIOTIC DROP)
Confused with other: Amaurosis fugax - Curtain lifts up
