Pharmacology Flashcards
Where is brachial pulse
Arm
Where is the carotid pulse
Neck
Where is the radial pulse
Wrist
What is the systolic bp measuring
Pressure when heart is beating
What is diastolic bp measuring
Pressure between beats. Pressure of the blood is sufficient to keep the arteries open even when ventricles relax
What is the idea systolic and diastolic bp
Males 120 and 80
Women 100 and 70
100+ age
What effect do stretch receptors have
Walls stretch during exercise so stretch receptors sense more blood return
Heart responds by beating faster and harder
What are the sizes of ECG squares
1 min= 60 secs = 1500 small squares
1 small square= 0.04 seconds
1 large square = 0.2 seconds
What heart rate is ideal
60-100 bpm
What must the RR interval differ by for an arrhythmia
At least 0.16 secs
How to work out heart rate from an ECG
15/no.of small squares in RR interval
Causes or arrhythmia
Coronary artery disease Electrolyte imbalances in the blood Changes in heart muscle Injury from heart attack Healing process after surgery Irregular heart rhythms can also occur in normal healthy hearts
What is sinus bradycardia
Heart rhythm that originates from the sinus node and has a rate fewer than 60 beats per minutes
Why can sporty people have bradycardia
Their trained hearts pump enough blood in each contraction to allow a low resting heart rate
Causes of bradycardia
Sleep
Hypothermia
Hypothyroidism
Drugs - digitalis, beta blockers, quinidine, adenosine, calcium channel blocker
Seizure
Secondary to infections - diphtheria, acute rheumatic fever, viral myocarditis
Increased intracranial pressure
