Pharmacology Flashcards
Stool softeners
Docusate
Bulk-forming laxatives
Psyllium, methylcellulose
Irritant (stimulant) laxatives
Castor oil, bisacodyl, senna
Lubricating laxatives
Mineral oil, glycerin
Osmotic agents (laxatives)
magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate, sorbitol, lactulose, polyethylene glycol
Ocreotide- MOA and uses
Somatostatin analog that inhibits the release of vasodilatory hormones, causing splanchnic vasoconstriction; used for variceal bleeding, acromegaly, diarrhea (in endocrine disorders)
Dobutamine- MOA and uses
Inotrope that agonizes beta-1 receptors; used for maintenance of cardiac output
Metoclopramide- MOA, uses, major ADR
Primarily D2 antagonist, with some 5-HT3 antagonism and 5-HT4 agonism; antiemetic, promotes motility. May cause tardive dyskinesia.
Misoprostol- MOA, uses
Prostaglandin E1 derivative; used to prevent peptic ulcers and to induce uterine contractions in pregnant women
Omeprazole- MOA, uses
PPi; stomach ulcers
Tranexamic acid- MOA, uses
Inhibits multiple plasminogen binding sites; used for dental bleeding prophylaxis in hemophilia patients
Phytonadione- MOA, uses
Vitamin K; hypoprothrombinemia and warfarin stabilization
Digoxin- MOA, uses
Cardiac glycoside that directly inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase, indirectly inhibiting the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger to cause increased intracellular calcium and positive inotropy; used for heart failure and Afib (slows heart rate and increases vagal activity)
Digoxin- ADRs
Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, yellow/green visual distortion, xanthopsia, hyperkalemia
Digoxin- risk factors for toxicity and treatment
Renal failure, drug interactions (verapamil, quinidine, amiodarone), and hypokalemia (increases digoxin binding); give anti-digoxin Fab frgaments
Milrinone- MOA, uses
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, increasing cAMP and PKA and Ca2+ influx into cardiac cell, causing inotropy; short term IV treatment for acute decompensated heart failure
Diltiazem- MOA, uses
L-type calcium channel blocker affecting smooth muscle to decrease peripheral vascular resistance, dilate coronary arteries, and prolong the AV node refractory period; used for hypertension, chronic stable angina, and supraventricular tachycardia
Pilocarpine- MOA, uses
Cholinomimetic that slows heart rate by decreasing AV conduction velocity
Procainamide- MOA, uses
Class 1A sodium channel blocker that decreases the slope of phase 0 of the action potential; antiarrhythmic
Sucralfate- MOA, uses
Sulfated polysaccharide complexed to aluminum hydroxide, its strong negative charge binds to positively-charged proteins at base of ulcer, where it polymerizes to form a barrier, also stimulates angiogenesis; used for stomach/duodenal ulcers
H2 antagonists
Cimetidine, rainitidine, nizatidine, famotidine
Perchlorperazine- MOA, uses, ADRs
D2R agonist; antiemetic and anxiolytic (nonpsychotic); may cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome or extrapyramidal symptoms
Dronabinol- MOA, uses
Cannadbinoid agonist; antiemetic and appetite stimulant for cancer patients
Meclizine- MOA, uses
H1 agonist; motion sickness, vertigo
Megestrol- MOA, uses, ADRs
Progestational agent; appetite-stimulant for cachexia, may cause thromboembolism, thrombophlabitis, adrenal suppression, cardiomyopathy
