Pharmacology Flashcards
Give an example of a paracrine hormone
Histamine
What receptor do the hormones modified amino acids act on?
G protein coupled receptors like Gs, Gi and Gq located at the cell surface
What a Gs GPCR is activated what enzyme does it act on to do?
Enhances the effects of adenylyl cyclaseto procuse cAMP from ATP
When a Gq GPCR is activated what enzyme does it act on to do?
Acts on phospholipase C to positively increase the production of IP3 that causes release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Give an example of a hormone under the class of modified amino acids
Adrenaline Thyroid hormones (t3/ 4)
Hormones of the modified amino acid class require a carrier to act on their receptor. T/F?
FALSE
Since they are hydrophillic substances they are highly soluble in the blood so dont require a carrier to act of the GPCR
What enzyme is responsible for the phosphorylation of glucose in the beta cells
Glucokinase
What happens to the phosphorylated glucose within the beta cell?
It then enters glycolysis and then the TCA cycle to produce 36 ATP. This ATP will then block the atp sensitised potassium channel causing depolarisation from the intracellular potassium hence opening the calcium channel to allow insulin to be released.
What type of receptor does insulin act on ?
Tyrosine kinase receptor that causes dimerisation of the beta subunits then activates the receptor that autophosphorylates
What receptors do steroids act on?
Nuclear receptors class 1 present inthe cytoplasm
Steroids are stored in vesciles ready for release T/F?
FALSE
Once formed immediately released no storage.
Steroids are hydrophobic molecules so must be bound to specialised proteins in plasma. T/f
TRUE
What are steroids synthesised from ?
Cholesterol
Where are steroids metabolisted?
By the liver
What are the receptors that peptides and proteins act on?
Receptor kinases located at the cell surface
