Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of action of lamotrigine and topiramate

A

Blockage of AMPA receptors, leading to decreased glutamate excitatory effects

*Lamotrigine also blocks sodium channels

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2
Q

Mechanism of action of felbamate

A
  • Blocks NMDA receptors

* Blocks sodium channels

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3
Q

Phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate block sodium channels in which state

A

Inactivated state

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4
Q

DOC for trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

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5
Q

Carbamazepine increases secretion of which hormone

A

ADH

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6
Q

Mechanism of action of valproate

A
  • Blocks sodium channels
  • Inhibits GABA transaminase
  • Blocks T-type calcium channels
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7
Q

Mechanism of action of tiagabine

A

Inhibits GABA reuptake

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8
Q

Triptans are agonists at which serotonin receptors

A

5HT1d

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9
Q

Prophylactic drugs for cluster headaches

A

Calcium channel blockers (verapamil)

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10
Q

Type of drugs that increases duration of phase 1 of depolarizing muscle relaxants

A

AChE inhibitors

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11
Q

Mechanism of action of gabapentin

A

Inhibits presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels

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12
Q

Mechanism of action of levetiracetam

A

Disrupts neurotransmitter vesicle fusion

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13
Q

Drug that can be used for chronic tension headache

A

Amitriptyline

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14
Q

Types of drugs that promote drainage of aqueous humor

A

M3 and prostaglandin analogs

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15
Q

Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody that can be used to treat secondary macular degeneration

A

Ranibizumab

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16
Q

Drug used in Wilson’s disease for patients who can’t tolerate penicillamine

A

Trientine

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17
Q

Mechanism of action of brimonidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

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18
Q

First-line drug for partial and tonic-clonic seizures in neonates

A

Phenobarbital

19
Q

Mechanism of action of vigabatrin

A

Irreversible inhibition of GABA transaminase

20
Q

Most important side effect of vigabatrin

A

Permanent visual loss

21
Q

Drugs that are contraindicated in porphyria due to increase in heme synthesis

A

Barbiturates

22
Q

Short-acting benzodiazepines

A

ATOM

  • Alprazolam
  • Triazolam
  • Oxazepam
  • Midazolam
23
Q

Benzodiazepines that are metabolized outside the liver

A
  • Oxazepam
  • Temazepam
  • Lorazepam
24
Q

Benzodiazepine used in alcohol withdrawal’s DT

A

Chlordiazepoxide

25
Q

Short-acting benzodiazepine that can be given IV

A

Midazolam

26
Q

Mechanism of action of suvorexant

A

Orexin (hypocretin) receptor agonist

27
Q

Mechanism of action of ramelteon

A

MT1 and MT2 receptor agonists (melatonin)

28
Q

Non-ergot dopamine agonists

A

Pramipexole and ropinirole

29
Q

Most important adverse effect of amantadine

A

Livedo reticularis

30
Q

Mechanism of action of amantadine

A

Increase dopamine release and decreased dopamine reuptake

31
Q

Mechanism of action of tetrabenazine and reserpine

A

Inhibit vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), decreasing dopamine vesicle packaging and release

32
Q

Mechanism of action of memantine

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

33
Q

What does it mean for an anesthetic to have low solubility in blood

A

It will have rapid induction and recovery times

34
Q

What does it mean for an anesthetic to have high solubility in lipids

A

It will have a high potency (1/MAC)

35
Q

What is the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of an anesthetic

A

It is the concentration required to prevent 50% of subjects from moving in response to noxious stimulus

36
Q

Effect of inhaled anesthetics on cerebral blood flow

A

They increase cerebral blood flow, thereby increasing ICP

37
Q

IV anesthetic that causes increased cerebral blood flow

A

Ketamine

38
Q

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs that are associated with drug induced histamine release

A

Tubocurarine and atracurium

39
Q

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug that can cause seizures due to its metabolite

A

Atracurium

40
Q

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug that experiences Hoffman elimination

A

Atracurium

41
Q

Tolerance for opioids does not develop for which symptoms

A

Miosis and constipation

42
Q

Adverse effect of bimatoprost and latanaprost

A

Darkens color of iris and eyelash growth

43
Q

Anticonvulstant drug that causes increased ADH secretion

A

Carbamazepine

44
Q

Antidepressant that carries the risk of developing seizures

A

Bupropion