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Neurology Kaplan > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of action of lamotrigine and topiramate

A

Blockage of AMPA receptors, leading to decreased glutamate excitatory effects

*Lamotrigine also blocks sodium channels

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2
Q

Mechanism of action of felbamate

A
  • Blocks NMDA receptors

* Blocks sodium channels

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3
Q

Phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate block sodium channels in which state

A

Inactivated state

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4
Q

DOC for trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

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5
Q

Carbamazepine increases secretion of which hormone

A

ADH

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6
Q

Mechanism of action of valproate

A
  • Blocks sodium channels
  • Inhibits GABA transaminase
  • Blocks T-type calcium channels
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7
Q

Mechanism of action of tiagabine

A

Inhibits GABA reuptake

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8
Q

Triptans are agonists at which serotonin receptors

A

5HT1d

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9
Q

Prophylactic drugs for cluster headaches

A

Calcium channel blockers (verapamil)

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10
Q

Type of drugs that increases duration of phase 1 of depolarizing muscle relaxants

A

AChE inhibitors

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11
Q

Mechanism of action of gabapentin

A

Inhibits presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels

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12
Q

Mechanism of action of levetiracetam

A

Disrupts neurotransmitter vesicle fusion

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13
Q

Drug that can be used for chronic tension headache

A

Amitriptyline

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14
Q

Types of drugs that promote drainage of aqueous humor

A

M3 and prostaglandin analogs

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15
Q

Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody that can be used to treat secondary macular degeneration

A

Ranibizumab

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16
Q

Drug used in Wilson’s disease for patients who can’t tolerate penicillamine

A

Trientine

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17
Q

Mechanism of action of brimonidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

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18
Q

First-line drug for partial and tonic-clonic seizures in neonates

A

Phenobarbital

19
Q

Mechanism of action of vigabatrin

A

Irreversible inhibition of GABA transaminase

20
Q

Most important side effect of vigabatrin

A

Permanent visual loss

21
Q

Drugs that are contraindicated in porphyria due to increase in heme synthesis

A

Barbiturates

22
Q

Short-acting benzodiazepines

A

ATOM

  • Alprazolam
  • Triazolam
  • Oxazepam
  • Midazolam
23
Q

Benzodiazepines that are metabolized outside the liver

A
  • Oxazepam
  • Temazepam
  • Lorazepam
24
Q

Benzodiazepine used in alcohol withdrawal’s DT

A

Chlordiazepoxide

25
Short-acting benzodiazepine that can be given IV
Midazolam
26
Mechanism of action of suvorexant
Orexin (hypocretin) receptor agonist
27
Mechanism of action of ramelteon
MT1 and MT2 receptor agonists (melatonin)
28
Non-ergot dopamine agonists
Pramipexole and ropinirole
29
Most important adverse effect of amantadine
Livedo reticularis
30
Mechanism of action of amantadine
Increase dopamine release and decreased dopamine reuptake
31
Mechanism of action of tetrabenazine and reserpine
Inhibit vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), decreasing dopamine vesicle packaging and release
32
Mechanism of action of memantine
NMDA receptor antagonist
33
What does it mean for an anesthetic to have low solubility in blood
It will have rapid induction and recovery times
34
What does it mean for an anesthetic to have high solubility in lipids
It will have a high potency (1/MAC)
35
What is the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of an anesthetic
It is the concentration required to prevent 50% of subjects from moving in response to noxious stimulus
36
Effect of inhaled anesthetics on cerebral blood flow
They increase cerebral blood flow, thereby increasing ICP
37
IV anesthetic that causes increased cerebral blood flow
Ketamine
38
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs that are associated with drug induced histamine release
Tubocurarine and atracurium
39
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug that can cause seizures due to its metabolite
Atracurium
40
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug that experiences Hoffman elimination
Atracurium
41
Tolerance for opioids does not develop for which symptoms
Miosis and constipation
42
Adverse effect of bimatoprost and latanaprost
Darkens color of iris and eyelash growth
43
Anticonvulstant drug that causes increased ADH secretion
Carbamazepine
44
Antidepressant that carries the risk of developing seizures
Bupropion

Neurology Kaplan (3 decks)

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