Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology Kaplan > General principles > Flashcards

General principles Flashcards

1
Q

Secondary vesicle from which the retina and the optic nerves are derived

A

Diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Only cranial nerve that is myelinated

A

Optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Branches of the vertebral arteries

A
  • Anterior spinal artery

* Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of D1 receptors

A

Excitation of direct pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of D2 receptors

A

Inhibition of indirect pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The corticospinal tract traverses through which part of the internal capsule

A

Posterior limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ACA irrigates which part of the internal capsule

A

Anterior limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the Papez circuit

A
  • Mammillary body
  • Thalamus (anterior nucleus)
  • Cingulate gyrus
  • Hippocampus (via fornix is connected again to the mammillary body)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Muscle that elevates posterior tongue during swallowing

A

Palatoglossus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Only muscle of the tongue that is innervated by the CN 10

A

Palatoglossus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cell of the CNS that acts as an extracellular potassium buffer

A

Astrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cell of the CNS that derives from the mesodermal layer

A

Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Characteristics of C fibers

A

Slow and unmyelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characteristics of Adelta fibers

A

Fast and myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Substances that can cross the blood-brain barrier via carrier-mediated transport mechanisms

A

Glucose and aminoacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parts of the blood-brain barrier that have fenestrated capillaries

A
  • Area postrema (vomiting after chemo)
  • OVLT (organum vasculosum lamina terminalis) - (osmotic sensing)
  • Neurohypophysis
17
Q

Hunger is controlled by which area of the hypothalamu

A

Lateral area

18
Q

Hormones that act on the lateral area of the hypothalamus

A
  • Ghrelin (stimulates)

* Leptin (inhibits)

19
Q

Satiety is controlled by which area of the hypothalamus

A

Ventromedial area

20
Q

Hormone that acts on the ventromedial area of the hypothalamus

A

Leptin (stimulates)

21
Q

Part of the hypothalamus that controls heat dissipation

A

Anterior hypothalamus

22
Q

Part of the hypothalamus that controls heat conservation

A

Posterior hypothalamus

23
Q

Substances that decrease REM sleep

A
  • Alcohol
  • Barbiturates
  • BZD
  • Norepinephrine
24
Q

Sleep changes in the elderly

A
  • Decreased REM
  • Decreased slow-wave sleep
  • Increased sleep latency
  • Increased awakenings
25
Q

The ventral postero-lateral nucleus of the thalamus receives input from which tracts

A
  • Spinothalamic

* Dorsal columns/medial lemniscus

26
Q

The ventral postero-medial nucleus of the thalamus receives input from which tracts

A

Trigeminal and gustatory pathway

27
Q

The lateral geniculate nucleus connects CN 2 to which part of the cortex

A

Calcarine sulcus

28
Q

Deep nuclei of the cerebellum

A

From lateral to medial…

  • Dentate
  • Emboliform
  • Globose
  • Fastigial

(Don’t Eat Greasy Foods)

29
Q

Formula for cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)

A

CPP = MAP - ICP

30
Q

The middle meningeal artery enters the brain through which cranial foramen

A

Foramen spinosum

31
Q

Function of the nucleus solitarius

A

Visceral sensory information (CN 7, 9, 10)

32
Q

Function of the nucleus ambiguus

A

Motor innervation of the pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus (CN 9, 10, 11)

33
Q

Function of the dorsal motor nucleus

A

Sends autonomic fibers to heart, lung, upper GI

34
Q

Electrolytes that have a higher concentration in CSF than in serum

A

Sodium and magnesium

35
Q

Muscle spindles respond to which type of stimulus

A

Increase in muscle stretch

36
Q

Golgi tendon organs respond to which type of stimulus

A

Increase in muscle force

37
Q

Mechanism of action of tetrodotoxin (puffer fish)

A

Binds to sodium channels, inhibiting sodium influx and preventing action potential conduction

38
Q

Function of Clarke’s nucleus

A

Send unconscious proprioceptive information to the cerebellum

39
Q

Describe vestibular nystagmus

A

Slow eye deviation towards the lesioned site with fast corrective deviation away from the lesioned site

Neurology Kaplan (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions