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T14 MF4 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What meds are used to treat a staph epidermidis prosthetic joint infection?

A

Vancomycin or rifampin

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2
Q

What are 6 different components of bacteria that antibiotics can target?

A
  1. Cell wall synthesis
  2. Folic acid metabolism
  3. Cell membrane
  4. DNA replication
  5. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
  6. Protein synthesis (50S or 30S)
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3
Q

Define minimal inhibitory concentration.

How does it relate to susceptibility and resistance?

A

The minimal dose of drug needed to inhibit bacterial growth in vitro.

When MIC < cut-off, that bacteria is suscpetible.

When MIC > cut-off, that bacteria is resistant.

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4
Q

Define the following:

  1. Time-dependent antibiotics
  2. Concentration-dependent antibiotics
  3. Bactericidal antibiotics
  4. Bacteriostatic antibiotics
A
  1. Drugs that are more efficacious the more time they spend in the body (at a level about the MIC)
  2. Drugs that are more efficacious at a higher peak concentration
  3. Antibiotics that kill bacteria
  4. Antibiotics that slow/inhibit bacterial growth but do not kill the bacteria
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5
Q

What are 7 major groups of antibiotics?

A
  1. Beta-lactams (penicillins, carbapenems, cephalosporins)
  2. Fluoroquinolones
  3. Macrolides
  4. Anaerobic antibiotics
  5. Glycopeptide antibiotics
  6. Sulfonamides
  7. Tetracyclines
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6
Q

Fill in the following chart concerning the different types of beta-lactams

A
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7
Q

What are 4 major groups of anti-fungals?

A
  1. Polyenes
  2. Azoles
  3. Allylamines
  4. Echinocandins
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8
Q

What are 6 common side effects of anti-fungals?

A
  1. Nausea
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Abdominal pain
  4. Skin rashes
  5. Headache
  6. Fatigue
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9
Q

What is the mechanism of antiviral medications?

A

They attack different steps in viral repication, most often by mimicking viral nucleotides to block thenormal viral pathways.

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10
Q

What are some drugs used against herpes viridae?

A
  1. Acyclovir
  2. Ganciclovir
  3. Famciclovir
  4. Valacyclovir
  5. Valganciclovir
  6. Foscarnet
  7. Cidofovir
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11
Q

What are some drugs used against influenza virus?

A
  1. Adamantanes
  2. Amantadine
  3. Rimantadine
  4. Oseltamivir
  5. Zanamivir
  6. Peramivir
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12
Q

What drugs can cross the BBB? (4 groups, 3 specifics)

A

Groups = Celphalosporins 3rd gen, Fluoroquinoles, Sulfamides, Carbapenems excepting ergapenem

Specifics = Metronidazole, Rifampin, Penicillin

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T14 MF4 (7 decks)

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