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Step 1 Respiratory-First Aid 2017 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of histamines

A

Reversibly inhibit H1 histamine receptors

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2
Q

First generation antihistamines

A

Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, and chlorpheniramine

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3
Q

First generation antihistamine indications

A

Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

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4
Q

First generation antihistamine side effects

A

Sedation, antimuscarinic effects, anti-alpha adrenergic

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5
Q

Second generation antihistamines

A

Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine

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6
Q

Second generation antihistamines indications

A

Allergy

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7
Q

Expectorant - thins respiratory secretions; does not suppress cough reflex

A

Guaifenesin

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8
Q

Mucolytic - liquifies mucus in chronic bronchopulmonary diseases by disrupting sulfide bonds

A

N-acetylcysteine

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9
Q

Mucolytic that is also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose

A

N-acetylcysteine

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10
Q

Dextromethorphan indications

A

Antitussive

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11
Q

Dextromethorphan MOA

A

Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptor

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12
Q

Dextromethorphan side effects

A

Mild codeine analog with mild opioid effect when used in excess, mild abuse potential

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13
Q

Dextromethorphan contraindications

A

Serotonin syndrome when used with other serotonergic drugs

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14
Q

Dextromethorphan overdose treatment

A

Naloxone

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15
Q

Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine MOA

A

Alpha-adrenergic agonist

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16
Q

Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine indications

A

Nasal decongestant

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17
Q

Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine adverse effects

A

HTN, rebound congestion if used > 4-6 days, CNS stimulation/anxiety

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18
Q

Nasal decongestant that can be used to make methamphetamine

A

Pseudoephedrine

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19
Q

Pulmonary hypertensive drug that competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors leading to decreased PVR

A

Bosentan

20
Q

Bosentan side-effects

A

Hepatotoxic

21
Q

Labs to monitor when taking Bosentan

A

LFTs

22
Q

Pulmonary hypertensive drug that inhibits PDE-5 increasing cGMP and NO prolonging vasodilation

A

Sildenafil

23
Q

Pulmonary hypertensive drug that is used to treat ED

A

Sildenafil

24
Q

PGI2 with direct vasodilatory effects on pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds

A

Epoprostenol and iloprost

25
Q

Pulmonary hypertensive drug that inhibits platelet aggregation and has side-effects of flushing and jaw pain

A

Epoprostenol and iloprost

26
Q

Bronchoconstriction MOA

A

Inflammatory process and increased parasympathetic tone

27
Q

Short-acting B2-agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle used during acute asthma exacerbations

A

Albuterol

28
Q

Long-acting B2-agonist used for prophylaxis

A

Salmeterol and formeterol

29
Q

Salmeterol and formeterol side effects

A

Tremor and arrhythmias

30
Q

Transcription factor that produces TNF-a and other inflammatory agents

A

NF-kB

31
Q

Inhaled corticosteroid that inhibits all cytokines by blocking NF-kB

A

Fluticasone, budesonide

32
Q

1st-line for chronic asthma

A

Fluticasone, budesonide

33
Q

Fluticasone and budesonide side-effects

A

Oral thrush

34
Q

Asthma drug that competitively blocks muscarinic receptors preventing bronchoconstriction

A

Tiotropium and ipratropium

35
Q

Indications for tiotropium and ipratropium

A

Asthma and COPD

36
Q

Long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist used in asthma

A

Tiotropium

37
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonist used for aspirin-induced and exercise-induced asthma

A

Montelukast and Zafirlukast

38
Q

5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor that blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

A

Zileuton

39
Q

Zileuton side effects

A

Hepatotoxic

40
Q

Asthma drug that mostly binds unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to Fc-epsilon-RI

A

Omalizumab

41
Q

Asthma drug used in allergic asthma with increased IgE levels resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting B2 agonists

A

Omalizumab

42
Q

Monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of asthma

A

Omalizumab

43
Q

Asthma drug that causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and increasing cAMP by decreasing cAMP hydrolysis

A

Theophylline

44
Q

Theophylline side effects

A

Narrow therapeutic index causes cardio and neurotoxicity

45
Q

Theophylline metabolism

A

Metabolized by cytochrome P450

46
Q

Drug blocked by theophylline

A

Adenosine

47
Q

Non-selective muscarinic M3 agonist used in bronchial challenge test to help diagnose asthma

A

Methacholine

Step 1 Respiratory-First Aid 2017 (5 decks)

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