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Step 1 Gastrointestinal-First Aid 2017 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

H2 blockers mechanism

A

Reversible block of H2 receptors decreasing acid secretion by parietal cells

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2
Q

Indications for H2 blockers

A

Peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux

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3
Q

H2 blocker that causes prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence and decreased libido in males

A

Cimetidine

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4
Q

H2 blockers that decrease renal excretion of creatinine

A

Cimetidine and ranitidine

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5
Q

H2 blocker that is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 causing multiple drug interactions

A

Cimetidine

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6
Q

What are the H2 blockers?

A

Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine

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7
Q

Irreversible inhibit H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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8
Q

Indicated for peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a part of H. pylori therapy, and stress ulcer prophylaxis

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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9
Q

Drugs used for the treatment of peptic ulcers that increase the risk of C. difficile infections, pneumonia, and decrease serum magnesium with long-term use

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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10
Q

What are the Proton pump inhibitors?

A

Omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, dexlansoprazole

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11
Q

Antacid that can chelate and decrease the effectiveness of other drugs

A

Calcium carbonate

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12
Q

Antacid that is a phosphate binder, is absorbed into bones causing brittle bones

A

Aluminum hydroxide

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13
Q

Antacid that causes constipation, hypophosphatemia, proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy and seizures

A

Aluminum hydroxide

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14
Q

Antacid that can cause diarrhea, hyporeflexia, HoTN, and cardiac arrest

A

Magnesium hydroxide

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15
Q

Drugs that bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection allowing HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucus layer

A

Bismuth and sucralfate

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16
Q

Bismuth and sucralfate are not given with what type of acid suppressors?

A

H2 blockers and PPIs

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17
Q

What type of environment is required for bismuth and sucralfate to be effective?

A

Acidic environment

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18
Q

A PGE1 analog that increases production and secretion of gastric mucus barrier and decreases acid production

A

Misoprostol

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19
Q

Why is misoprostol contraindicated in women of childbearing age?

A

Its an abortifacient

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20
Q

Acid suppressor used off-label for ripening of cervix to induce labor

A

Misoprostol

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21
Q

PGE1 analog used for the prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers

A

Misoprostol

22
Q

Long-acting somatostatin analog which inhibits secretion of various splanchnic vasodilatory hormones

A

Ocreotide

23
Q

Somatostatin analog used for the treatment of acromegaly

A

Ocreotide

24
Q

Indications for ocreotide

A

Acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumors

25
Q

Acid suppressor indicated for VIPomas that can cause nausea, cramps, steatorrhea and increases the risk of cholelithiasis due to CCK inhibition

A

Ocreotide

26
Q

Drug indicated for ulcerative colitis and activated by colonic bacteria

A

Sulfasalazine

27
Q

Drug indicated for ulcerative colitis that causes malaise, nausea, sulfonamide toxicity and reversible oligospermia

A

Sulfasalazine

28
Q

Drug with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties indicated for ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease

A

Sulfasalazine

29
Q

Antidiarrheal that is an agonist at u-opioid receptors and slowing gut motility

A

Loperamide

30
Q

Patient with a history of substance abuse wants treatment for diarrhea, what drug is indicated?

A

Loperamide

31
Q

Loperamide side effects

A

Constipation and nausea

32
Q

Antidiarrheal with low addictive potential that causes constipation and nausea

A

Loperamide

33
Q

5-HT3 antagonist that decreases vagal stimulation used to control postoperative vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy

A

Ondansetron

34
Q

Antiemetic that can cause headache, constipation, QT prolongation and serotonin syndrome

A

Ondansetron

35
Q

D2 receptor analog indicated for gastroparesis, persistent GERD and antiemesis

A

Metoclopramide

36
Q

D2 receptor analog that causes parkinsonian effects and tardive dyskinesia that is contraindicated in patients with small bowel obstruction and Parkinson disease

A

Metoclopramide

37
Q

Therapy indicated for weight loss causes steatorrhea and decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins

A

Orlistat

38
Q

Therapy indicated for weight loss by inhibiting gastric and pancreatic lipase causing decreased breakdown and absorption of dietary fats

A

Orlistat

39
Q

Soluble fibers that draw water into gut lumen, forming a viscous fluid that promotes peristalsis

A

Psyllium and methylcellulose

40
Q

Side effect of bulk forming laxatives like psyllium and methylcellulose

A

Bloating

41
Q

Osmotic laxative indicated for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

A

Lactulose

42
Q

Mechanism of lactulose for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

A

Degraded by gut flora into lactic acid and acetic acid which promote nitrogen excretion

43
Q

Osmotic laxative that is degraded by gut flora into lactic acid and acetic acid promoting nitrogen excretion as NH4+

A

Lactulose

44
Q

Laxatives that may be abused by bulimics

A

Osmotic laxatives

45
Q

Which drugs are osmotic laxatives

A

Magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate, polyethylene glycol, and lactulose

46
Q

Mechanism of osmotic laxatives

A

Provide osmotic load to pull water into GI lumen

47
Q

Osmotic laxative side effects

A

Diarrhea and abuse potential by bulimics

48
Q

Patient with constipation was given a laxative which caused diarrhea and a brown pigment to be deposited in macrophages within the lamina propria of the gut wall - what is the drug?

A

Senna

49
Q

Laxative which stimulates enteric nerves to contract the colon

A

Senna

50
Q

Emollient used to osmotically draw water into gut lumen increasing water absorption by stool

A

Docusate

51
Q

Osmotic laxative which is also used as an antacid

A

Magnesium hydroxide

52
Q

Side effect of docusate

A

Diarrhea

Step 1 Gastrointestinal-First Aid 2017 (5 decks)

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