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Step 1 Gastrointestinal-First Aid 2017 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Develops into esophagus to upper duodenum

A

Foregut

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2
Q

Develops into lower duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

A

Midgut

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3
Q

Develops into distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line

A

Hindgut

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4
Q

Physiologic midgut herniates through umbilical ring at what week

A

6th week

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5
Q

Midgut returns to abdominal cavity and rotates around SMA

A

10th week

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6
Q

Amount of degrees midgut rotates around SMA when returning to abdominal cavity in 10th week of development

A

270 degrees

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7
Q

Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds and not covered by peritoneum or amnion

A

Gastroschisis

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8
Q

Persistent herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum

A

Omphalocele

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9
Q

Incomplete closure of umbilical ring - many close spontaneously

A

Congenital umbilical hernia

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10
Q

Failure of lateral fold closure leads to what defects

A

Omphalocele and gastrochisis

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11
Q

Failure of caudal fold closure leads to what defects

A

bladder exstrophy

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12
Q

Most common type of tracheoesophageal anomaly

A

EA with distal TEF

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13
Q

CXR finding in pure EA

A

Gasless abdomen on CXR

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14
Q

Consequence of EA or TEF in utero

A

Polyhydramnios

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15
Q

Symptoms in neonates with EA with distal TEF or TEF

A

Drool, choke and vomit with first feeding

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16
Q

Effect of TEF on stomach

A

Allows air to enter stomach

17
Q

Presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distention within first 1-2 days of life

A

Intestinal atresia

18
Q

Trisomy associated with duodenal atresia

A

Down syndrome

19
Q

X-ray finding of duodenal atresia

A

Double bubble - dilated stomach and proximal duodenum

20
Q

Cause of duodenal atresia

A

Failure of duodenum to recanalize

21
Q

Mechanism for jejunal and ileal atresia

A

Disruption of mesenteric vessels causes ischemic necrosis and segmental bowel resorption

22
Q

Finding on imaging indication jejunal and ileal atresia

A

Apple peel or bowel discontinuity

23
Q

Most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

24
Q

Presents with palpable olive-shaped mass in epigastric region, visible peristaltic waves, and non-bilious projectile vomiting at 2-6 weeks old

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

25
Q

Population more commonly affected by hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Boys

26
Q

Antibiotic that is associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Macrolides

27
Q

Consequence of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic acidosis

28
Q

Treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Pyloromyotomy

29
Q

Embryologic structure pancreas derived from

A

Foregut

30
Q

Contributes to uncinate process and main pancreatic duct

A

Ventral pancreatic buds

31
Q

Becomes the body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic bud

A

Dorsal pancreatic bud

32
Q

Contributes to formation of pancreatic head

A

Dorsal and Ventral pancreatic buds

33
Q

Anomaly where ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum forming a ring of tissue

A

Annular pancreas

34
Q

Consequence of annular pancreas

A

Can cause duodenal narrowing and vomiting

35
Q

Common anomaly in which the ventral and dorsal pancreatic parts fail to fuse that is mostly asymptomatic

A

Pancreas divisum

36
Q

Consequence of pancreas divisum

A

Chronic abdominal pain and/or pancreatitis

37
Q

Organ that arises from mesentery of stomach but has foregut supply

A

Spleen

38
Q

Blood supply to spleen

A

Splenic artery

39
Q

Splenic artery branches of what artery

A

Celiac trunk

Step 1 Gastrointestinal-First Aid 2017 (5 decks)

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