Embryology Flashcards
Develops into esophagus to upper duodenum
Foregut
Develops into lower duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
Midgut
Develops into distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line
Hindgut
Physiologic midgut herniates through umbilical ring at what week
6th week
Midgut returns to abdominal cavity and rotates around SMA
10th week
Amount of degrees midgut rotates around SMA when returning to abdominal cavity in 10th week of development
270 degrees
Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds and not covered by peritoneum or amnion
Gastroschisis
Persistent herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum
Omphalocele
Incomplete closure of umbilical ring - many close spontaneously
Congenital umbilical hernia
Failure of lateral fold closure leads to what defects
Omphalocele and gastrochisis
Failure of caudal fold closure leads to what defects
bladder exstrophy
Most common type of tracheoesophageal anomaly
EA with distal TEF
CXR finding in pure EA
Gasless abdomen on CXR
Consequence of EA or TEF in utero
Polyhydramnios
Symptoms in neonates with EA with distal TEF or TEF
Drool, choke and vomit with first feeding
Effect of TEF on stomach
Allows air to enter stomach
Presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distention within first 1-2 days of life
Intestinal atresia
Trisomy associated with duodenal atresia
Down syndrome
X-ray finding of duodenal atresia
Double bubble - dilated stomach and proximal duodenum
Cause of duodenal atresia
Failure of duodenum to recanalize
Mechanism for jejunal and ileal atresia
Disruption of mesenteric vessels causes ischemic necrosis and segmental bowel resorption
Finding on imaging indication jejunal and ileal atresia
Apple peel or bowel discontinuity
Most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Presents with palpable olive-shaped mass in epigastric region, visible peristaltic waves, and non-bilious projectile vomiting at 2-6 weeks old
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Population more commonly affected by hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Boys
Antibiotic that is associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Macrolides
Consequence of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic acidosis
Treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Pyloromyotomy
Embryologic structure pancreas derived from
Foregut
Contributes to uncinate process and main pancreatic duct
Ventral pancreatic buds
Becomes the body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic bud
Dorsal pancreatic bud
Contributes to formation of pancreatic head
Dorsal and Ventral pancreatic buds
Anomaly where ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum forming a ring of tissue
Annular pancreas
Consequence of annular pancreas
Can cause duodenal narrowing and vomiting
Common anomaly in which the ventral and dorsal pancreatic parts fail to fuse that is mostly asymptomatic
Pancreas divisum
Consequence of pancreas divisum
Chronic abdominal pain and/or pancreatitis
Organ that arises from mesentery of stomach but has foregut supply
Spleen
Blood supply to spleen
Splenic artery
Splenic artery branches of what artery
Celiac trunk
