Pharmacology

Question 1

Which immunisations are given at 8 weeks old?

Answer 1

Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, HiB
Pneumococcal disease
Rota virus
Men B

Question 2

Method of administration of 8 week immunisations

Answer 2

5 in 1 -Injection
Pneumococcal- Injection
Rota virus- Oral
Men B -Injection

Question 3

What is part of the 5 in 1 vaccine?

Answer 3

Diptheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
HiB

Question 4

What immunisations are given at 12 weeks old?

Answer 4

5 in 1 (diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, HiB)

Rotavirus

Question 5

What immunisations are given at 16 weeks old?

Answer 5

5 in 1
Pneumococcal
Men B

Question 6

What immunisations are given between 12-13 months of age?

Answer 6

Hib, Men C
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
Pneumococcal
Men B

Question 7

What immunisations are given at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 yrs of age?

Answer 7

Child’s flu vaccine

Question 8

What immunisations are given at 3yrs 4 months of age?

Answer 8

Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio

MMR

Question 9

What immunisation is given to females between 12-13yrs of age?

Answer 9

HPV

Question 10

What immunisations are given between 14 and 18yrs?

Answer 10

Diptheria, tetanus, polio

MenACWY

Question 11

What immunisation is given in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 11

Pertussis

Question 12

What immunisation is given age 65?

Answer 12

Pneumococcal

Question 13

What immunisations are given from age 65?

Answer 13

Influenza

Question 14

What immunisation is given aged 70?

Answer 14

Shingles

Question 15

Which vaccines are live?

Answer 15

MMR
Rota virus
Yellow fever
BCG

Question 16

How is prescribing different for infants?

Answer 16

• Kg/age
• Surface area
• Organ development
• Distribution

Question 17

Differences in topical preparation prescribing

Answer 17

• Skin is thinner and better hydrated in neonates
• Increased absorption
• Use less potent topical therapy

Question 18

Difference in penicillin prescribing in infants

Answer 18

• Neonates have less gastric acid until age 3

* Increased absorption of penicillin

Question 19

How is metabolism and excretion different in neonates?

Answer 19

Hepatic metabolism is reduced but is greater than adults when aged 2-6.
Renal function is less at birth therefore frequency of doses needs to be reduced.

Question 20

What is a % in drug calculations?

Answer 20

%= 1g/100ml

Question 21

What does 1 in 10000 mean in drug calculations?

Answer 21

1 in 10000= 1g in 10000ml

Question 22

What are the 4 parts of fluid prescribing?

Answer 22

1) Replacement of losses (eg vomiting, diarrhoea, burns)
2) SHOCK resuscitation
3) Maintenance (if nil by mouth)
4) Additional requirements (phosphate, magnesium)

Question 23

What do you need to take into consideration when prescribing fluids?

Answer 23

• Weight and surface area
• Kidney/liver/heart failure
• Results
• Drugs

Question 24

Name 3 types of crystalliods

Answer 24

• 0.9% saline
• Hartman’s
• Dextrose (5-50%)

Question 25

Name 6 types of colloid

Answer 25

• Gelofusine (synthetic)
• Blood
• Albumin
• FFP (fresh frozen plasma)
• Platelets
• Blood

Question 26

When do you give IV fluids in dehydration?

Answer 26

If 5-10% dehydrated

Question 27

What do you give in children for shock resus?

Answer 27

10-20ml/kg as a bolus then reassess, unless DKA, cardiogenic shock, trauma

Question 28

Paediatric maintenance fluid calculations

Answer 28

• 100ml/kg for first 10kg
• 50ml/kg for second 10kg
• 20ml/kg for every kg over 20kg