Pharmacology Flashcards
Which immunisations are given at 8 weeks old?
Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, HiB
Pneumococcal disease
Rota virus
Men B
Method of administration of 8 week immunisations
5 in 1 -Injection
Pneumococcal- Injection
Rota virus- Oral
Men B -Injection
What is part of the 5 in 1 vaccine?
Diptheria Tetanus Pertussis Polio HiB
What immunisations are given at 12 weeks old?
5 in 1 (diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, HiB)
Rotavirus
What immunisations are given at 16 weeks old?
5 in 1
Pneumococcal
Men B
What immunisations are given between 12-13 months of age?
Hib, Men C
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
Pneumococcal
Men B
What immunisations are given at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 yrs of age?
Child’s flu vaccine
What immunisations are given at 3yrs 4 months of age?
Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio
MMR
What immunisation is given to females between 12-13yrs of age?
HPV
What immunisations are given between 14 and 18yrs?
Diptheria, tetanus, polio
MenACWY
What immunisation is given in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy?
Pertussis
What immunisation is given age 65?
Pneumococcal
What immunisations are given from age 65?
Influenza
What immunisation is given aged 70?
Shingles
Which vaccines are live?
MMR
Rota virus
Yellow fever
BCG
How is prescribing different for infants?
- Kg/age
- Surface area
- Organ development
- Distribution
Differences in topical preparation prescribing
- Skin is thinner and better hydrated in neonates
- Increased absorption
- Use less potent topical therapy
Difference in penicillin prescribing in infants
- Neonates have less gastric acid until age 3
* Increased absorption of penicillin
How is metabolism and excretion different in neonates?
Hepatic metabolism is reduced but is greater than adults when aged 2-6.
Renal function is less at birth therefore frequency of doses needs to be reduced.
What is a % in drug calculations?
%= 1g/100ml
What does 1 in 10000 mean in drug calculations?
1 in 10000= 1g in 10000ml
What are the 4 parts of fluid prescribing?
1) Replacement of losses (eg vomiting, diarrhoea, burns)
2) SHOCK resuscitation
3) Maintenance (if nil by mouth)
4) Additional requirements (phosphate, magnesium)
What do you need to take into consideration when prescribing fluids?
- Weight and surface area
- Kidney/liver/heart failure
- Results
- Drugs
Name 3 types of crystalliods
- 0.9% saline
- Hartman’s
- Dextrose (5-50%)
Name 6 types of colloid
- Gelofusine (synthetic)
- Blood
- Albumin
- FFP (fresh frozen plasma)
- Platelets
- Blood
When do you give IV fluids in dehydration?
If 5-10% dehydrated
What do you give in children for shock resus?
10-20ml/kg as a bolus then reassess, unless DKA, cardiogenic shock, trauma
Paediatric maintenance fluid calculations
- 100ml/kg for first 10kg
- 50ml/kg for second 10kg
- 20ml/kg for every kg over 20kg
