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Renal > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Increase urine outout through causing a a net electrolyte and water loss

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2
Q

How does Furosemide work?

A

Inhibits the Na+/K+/Cl- triple transporter in the ascending loop of henle

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3
Q

How do thiazides work?

A

Inhibit reabosrption of Na and Cl in the distal convoluted tuble

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4
Q

What type of diuretic is a furosemide

A

Works on the ascending loop of henle so it is a loop diuretic

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5
Q

How much sodium do loop diuretics excrete?

A

15/25% of filtered load of sodium is excreted

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6
Q

What is importnant to remember about thiazides?

A

Useless in renal failure

Ineffective is eGFR is less than 30ml/minute

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7
Q

What class of drug is spironolactone?

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

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8
Q

How does spiromolacotone work?

A

competative Aldosterone antagonist

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9
Q

What is mannitol?

A

Osmotic diuretics

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10
Q

what forms prostaglandins?

A

arachidonic acid by COX-1 and 2

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11
Q

What do Prostaglandins do?

A

increase renal blood flow and GFR

Increase water , sodium and potassium secretion

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12
Q

How can NSAIDs damage the kidneys?

A

In conditions when renal blood flow is dependant upon vasodilator prostaglandins NSAIDs inhibit COX so top prostaglandins being made.

Could percipetate acute renal failure

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13
Q

What is the triple whammy combination?

A

ACE/ARB

Diuretic

NSAID

Detrimental to renal function

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14
Q

What do Uricosuric agents do?

A

Block active transport of organic acids leading to reduced net reabsorption of urate

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15
Q

When must you not use uricosuric agents?

A

In a patient with a history of renal stones and renal impairment

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16
Q

What should you be aware of when starting uricosuric agents?

A

Urate can crystalise in the urine so it is important to ensure adequate urine output.

fluid intake 2-3 litres daily

17
Q

Where do SGLT2 inhibitors have their effect?

A

Proximal tubule

18
Q

Give and example of a type c adverse drug reaction

A

Chronic

Steroid therapy leading to cushings disease

19
Q

Give an example of a type E adverse drug reaction?

A

Addisonian crisis after withdrawing steroids

20
Q
A

Renal (6 decks)

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