Pharmacology

Question 1

Cephalosporins

Answer 1

Broad spectrum, similar action to penicillins.

Use in: septicaemia, pneumonia, biliary tract infections, peritonitis and UTIs.

Example: cefotaxime
Use in: meningitis (better CSF penetration)

Question 2

Tetracyclines

Answer 2

Increasing resistance to these

Use in: chlamydia, malaria treatment/prophylaxis, and other infections (brucella, Lyme)

Example: doxycycline

Question 3

Partial seizures

Answer 3

Carbamazepine

Question 4

Generalised seizures

Answer 4

Sodium valproate

Question 5

Absence seizures

Answer 5

Ethosuximide or sodium valproate (if coexisting tonic clinic seizures)

Question 6

Myoclonic seizures

Answer 6

Sodium valproate

Question 7

Quinolones

Answer 7

Active against most gram - and some gram +ve bacteria.

Example: ciprofloxacin
Use in: acute pyelonephritis, UTIs

Question 8

Bendroflumethiazide electrolyte imbalances

Answer 8

Hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia

Question 9

Spironolactone

Answer 9

Hyperkalaemia (K+ sparing)

Question 10

Bendroflumethiazide

Answer 10

Thiazide diuretic, inhibits Na absorption at DCT. K+ is also lost.
Used to reduce overload in HF as more H2O is lost.

Question 11

First line antithrombotic TIA or stroke

Answer 11

Clopidogrel

Aspirin and dipyridamole if not tolerated

Question 12

Treatment of hypertension in >55yrs pt with CHF

Answer 12

ACEi then B-blocker

Verapamil and CCBs are CONTRAINDICATED.