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Ptcb > Pharmacology 4,7,10,11,18 > Flashcards

Pharmacology 4,7,10,11,18 Flashcards

1
Q

this type of injections are administered into muscle tissue 1 to 1 1/2 inch needles.

A

Instramusclar

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2
Q

This is administration is a parental route of administration.

A

subcutaneous

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3
Q

rectal administration is used to achieve a variety of ____effects including asthma control antinausea, motion sickness, and anti-infective therapy.

A

systemic

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4
Q

insulin is routinely administrated by the_____route.

A

subcutaneous

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5
Q

the normal commerical eyedropper dispenses_____of solution.

A

50 microliters

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6
Q

____is the death of cells.

A

Necrosis

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7
Q

Which of the pH values listed below represents an alkaline substances?

A

pH 7-8

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8
Q

_____tablets have a sweet glaze and _____tablets have a non-sweet coating.

A

Sugar-coated, film-coated

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9
Q

_____systems deliver drugs through the skin for a systemic effect.

A

transdermal

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10
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a rectal administration form?

A

tinctures

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11
Q

a raised blister like area on the skin caused by the intradermal injection is a:

A

wheal

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12
Q

a(an) ____, also known as a blood clot, is a complication that can occur from intravenous administration.

A

thrombus

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13
Q

a mixture of two liquids tha do not dissolve into each other in which one liquid is spread through the other by mixing and use of a stabilizer are:

A

emulsions

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14
Q

the most common size for an ophthalmic ointment tube is:

A

3.5g

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15
Q

inflammation of vein is also known as _____ and can be a complication associated with intravenous administration.

A

phlebitis

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16
Q

What is the outermost cell layer of the epidermis?

A

stratum corneum

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17
Q

what type of enema injects an oil that is held in the rectum to soften the stool?

A

retention enema

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18
Q

the small sacs of specialized tissue that transfer oxygen out of inspired air into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood and into the air for exhalation are called:

A

alveoli

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19
Q

needles for subcutaneous injection are generally ____ and ____.

A

3/8 to 1 inch, 24G to 27G

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20
Q

what are used in intravenous administration to deliver triglycerides, fatty acids, and calories?

A

emulsions (does not dissolve in another substances)

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21
Q

needles for intradermal injections are generally ____ and ____.

A

3/8 inch, 25G to 26G

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22
Q

a painful inflammatory condition in which excess uric acid accumulates in the joints.

A

gout

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23
Q

what was developed to assist patients in coordinating breathing in and activating the aerosol?

A

spacers

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24
Q

the stomach has a pH of around:

A

pH is 1-2

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25
Q

____ are solid or semisolid adhesive masses that prolong contact at the site of application.

A

plasters

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26
Q

the ______ is the blood concentration needed to produce a response.

A

minimum effective concentration

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27
Q

most drugs penetrate biological membranes by:

A

passive diffusion

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28
Q

What is the process when different molecules associate or attach to each other?

A

complexation

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29
Q

the movement of the drug from the dosage formulation to the blood is:

A

absorption

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30
Q

when drug molecules are bound to plasma or tissues proteins they are:

A

inactive

31
Q

what refers to the inside of the cheek?

A

buccal

32
Q

if enterohepatic cycling does not occur, excretion can occur through the:

A

bile

33
Q

most drugs given orally are absorbed into the blood from the:

A

small intestine

34
Q

unionized drugs are more:

A

lipid soluble

35
Q

the movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration is called:

A

passive diffusion

36
Q

the place where a drug causes an effect to occur is called the:

A

site of action

37
Q

the ____ filter the blood and remove waste materials from it.

A

kidneys

38
Q

when studying concentration and effect, ____ is the upper limit of the therapeutic window.

A

MTC

39
Q

solutions are generally not used with the____route of administration.

A

sublingual

40
Q

_____ are drugs that bind to receptors but do not activate them.

A

antagonists

41
Q

when studying concentrationand effect,____ is the time MEC is reached and the response occurs.

A

onset of action

42
Q

the ____ requires drug manufactures to perform bioequivalency studies on their products before they are approved for marketing.

A

FDA

43
Q

_____ may produce a response that slows normal cell response.

A

agonists

44
Q

___ is an intrauterine contraceptive device that is placed in the uterus for a prolonged period of time

A

IUD

45
Q

a typical dose-response curve shows that response increases as the dose:

A

increases

46
Q

the relative amount of an administrated dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which this occurs is called:

A

bioavailability

47
Q

a disadvantageof vaginal administration is that vaginal dosage forms could predispose that patient to:

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

48
Q

drugs are rapidly distributed to organs having ___ blood flow rates.

A

high

49
Q

blood concentrations are the reult of ____ simultaneously occuring processes.

A

four

50
Q

progestasert comes in which of the following dosage forms?

A

IUD

51
Q

drugs that cause HEPAtotoxicity cause demage to the:

A

liver

52
Q

cruciferous vegatables like cabbage and brussel sprouts may ____ metabolism of a few drugs.

A

increase

53
Q

which endogenous compound is used to monitor renal function?

A

creatinine

54
Q

the increase in enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs is:

A

enzyme induction

55
Q

interactions that alter drug absorpion can be minimized by separating the administration of the drug and food intake by:

A

2 hours

56
Q

when two drugs with similar pharmacological actions produce greater effects than the sum of the individual effects the interaction is called:

A

synergistic effect

57
Q

distribution of drugs may be different between men and women due to:

A

differences in body composition

58
Q

anticoagulants can cause excessive bleeding and this is an example of:

A

HEMAtological effects

59
Q

the increased sedation seen when alcohol and a sedative are taken together is a(an):

A

additive drug-drug interaction

60
Q

anaphylactic shock usually occurs within

A

minutes

61
Q

_____ occurs when two drugs with similar pharmacological effects produce greater effects when taken together.

A

synergism

62
Q

_____occurs when two drugs with similar pharmacological actions result in an effect equal to the sum of their individual effects

A

Additive effects

63
Q

children between the ages of ____ metabolize certain drugs more rapidly thatn adults.

A

1 and 12 years

64
Q

the study of the hereditary basis of individual differences is:

A

pharmacogenetics

65
Q

the placebo effects is a:

A

psychological variable

66
Q

idiosyncratic reactions occur the ___ time a drug is given to a patient.

A

first

67
Q

the body’s process of transforming drugs is called:

A

metabolism

68
Q

drugs that increase activity of metabolizing enzymes in the liver cause:

A

enzyme induction

69
Q

circulatory disorders are generally characterized by ___ blood flow to one or more organs

A

decreased

70
Q

a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are below normal is known as:

A

hypothyroidism

71
Q

an enzyme is a complex____ that catalyzes chemical reactions into other substances.

A

protein

72
Q

an unexpected adverse effect to a drug the first time it is given to a patient is considered what type of reaction?

A

idiosyncrasy

73
Q

commonly used drugs such as acetaminophen and aspirin can produce:

A

HEPAtotoxicity

74
Q

what is the ability of a substance to cause abnormal fetal development when given to pregnant women?

A

TERAtogenicity

Ptcb (8 decks)

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