Pharmacology 4,7,10,11,18

Question 1

this type of injections are administered into muscle tissue 1 to 1 1/2 inch needles.

Answer 1

Instramusclar

Question 2

This is administration is a parental route of administration.

Answer 2

subcutaneous

Question 3

rectal administration is used to achieve a variety of ____effects including asthma control antinausea, motion sickness, and anti-infective therapy.

Answer 3

systemic

Question 4

insulin is routinely administrated by the_____route.

Answer 4

subcutaneous

Question 5

the normal commerical eyedropper dispenses_____of solution.

Answer 5

50 microliters

Question 6

____is the death of cells.

Answer 6

Necrosis

Question 7

Which of the pH values listed below represents an alkaline substances?

Answer 7

pH 7-8

Question 8

_____tablets have a sweet glaze and _____tablets have a non-sweet coating.

Answer 8

Sugar-coated, film-coated

Question 9

_____systems deliver drugs through the skin for a systemic effect.

Answer 9

transdermal

Question 10

Which one of the following is NOT a rectal administration form?

Answer 10

tinctures

Question 11

a raised blister like area on the skin caused by the intradermal injection is a:

Answer 11

wheal

Question 12

a(an) ____, also known as a blood clot, is a complication that can occur from intravenous administration.

Answer 12

thrombus

Question 13

a mixture of two liquids tha do not dissolve into each other in which one liquid is spread through the other by mixing and use of a stabilizer are:

Answer 13

emulsions

Question 14

the most common size for an ophthalmic ointment tube is:

Answer 14

3.5g

Question 15

inflammation of vein is also known as _____ and can be a complication associated with intravenous administration.

Answer 15

phlebitis

Question 16

What is the outermost cell layer of the epidermis?

Answer 16

stratum corneum

Question 17

what type of enema injects an oil that is held in the rectum to soften the stool?

Answer 17

retention enema

Question 18

the small sacs of specialized tissue that transfer oxygen out of inspired air into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood and into the air for exhalation are called:

Answer 18

alveoli

Question 19

needles for subcutaneous injection are generally ____ and ____.

Answer 19

3/8 to 1 inch, 24G to 27G

Question 20

what are used in intravenous administration to deliver triglycerides, fatty acids, and calories?

Answer 20

emulsions (does not dissolve in another substances)

Question 21

needles for intradermal injections are generally ____ and ____.

Answer 21

3/8 inch, 25G to 26G

Question 22

a painful inflammatory condition in which excess uric acid accumulates in the joints.

Answer 22

gout

Question 23

what was developed to assist patients in coordinating breathing in and activating the aerosol?

Answer 23

spacers

Question 24

the stomach has a pH of around:

Answer 24

pH is 1-2

Question 25

____ are solid or semisolid adhesive masses that prolong contact at the site of application.

Answer 25

plasters

Question 26

the ______ is the blood concentration needed to produce a response.

Answer 26

minimum effective concentration

Question 27

most drugs penetrate biological membranes by:

Answer 27

passive diffusion

Question 28

What is the process when different molecules associate or attach to each other?

Answer 28

complexation

Question 29

the movement of the drug from the dosage formulation to the blood is:

Answer 29

absorption

Question 30

when drug molecules are bound to plasma or tissues proteins they are:

Answer 30

inactive

Question 31

what refers to the inside of the cheek?

Answer 31

buccal

Question 32

if enterohepatic cycling does not occur, excretion can occur through the:

Answer 32

bile

Question 33

most drugs given orally are absorbed into the blood from the:

Answer 33

small intestine

Question 34

unionized drugs are more:

Answer 34

lipid soluble

Question 35

the movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration is called:

Answer 35

passive diffusion

Question 36

the place where a drug causes an effect to occur is called the:

Answer 36

site of action

Question 37

the ____ filter the blood and remove waste materials from it.

Answer 37

kidneys

Question 38

when studying concentration and effect, ____ is the upper limit of the therapeutic window.

Answer 38

MTC

Question 39

solutions are generally not used with the____route of administration.

Answer 39

sublingual

Question 40

_____ are drugs that bind to receptors but do not activate them.

Answer 40

antagonists

Question 41

when studying concentrationand effect,____ is the time MEC is reached and the response occurs.

Answer 41

onset of action

Question 42

the ____ requires drug manufactures to perform bioequivalency studies on their products before they are approved for marketing.

Answer 42

FDA

Question 43

_____ may produce a response that slows normal cell response.

Answer 43

agonists

Question 44

___ is an intrauterine contraceptive device that is placed in the uterus for a prolonged period of time

Answer 44

IUD

Question 45

a typical dose-response curve shows that response increases as the dose:

Answer 45

increases

Question 46

the relative amount of an administrated dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which this occurs is called:

Answer 46

bioavailability

Question 47

a disadvantageof vaginal administration is that vaginal dosage forms could predispose that patient to:

Answer 47

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Question 48

drugs are rapidly distributed to organs having ___ blood flow rates.

Answer 48

high

Question 49

blood concentrations are the reult of ____ simultaneously occuring processes.

Answer 49

four

Question 50

progestasert comes in which of the following dosage forms?

Answer 50

IUD

Question 51

drugs that cause HEPAtotoxicity cause demage to the:

Answer 51

liver

Question 52

cruciferous vegatables like cabbage and brussel sprouts may ____ metabolism of a few drugs.

Answer 52

increase

Question 53

which endogenous compound is used to monitor renal function?

Answer 53

creatinine

Question 54

the increase in enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs is:

Answer 54

enzyme induction

Question 55

interactions that alter drug absorpion can be minimized by separating the administration of the drug and food intake by:

Answer 55

2 hours

Question 56

when two drugs with similar pharmacological actions produce greater effects than the sum of the individual effects the interaction is called:

Answer 56

synergistic effect

Question 57

distribution of drugs may be different between men and women due to:

Answer 57

differences in body composition

Question 58

anticoagulants can cause excessive bleeding and this is an example of:

Answer 58

HEMAtological effects

Question 59

the increased sedation seen when alcohol and a sedative are taken together is a(an):

Answer 59

additive drug-drug interaction

Question 60

anaphylactic shock usually occurs within

Answer 60

minutes

Question 61

_____ occurs when two drugs with similar pharmacological effects produce greater effects when taken together.

Answer 61

synergism

Question 62

_____occurs when two drugs with similar pharmacological actions result in an effect equal to the sum of their individual effects

Answer 62

Additive effects

Question 63

children between the ages of ____ metabolize certain drugs more rapidly thatn adults.

Answer 63

1 and 12 years

Question 64

the study of the hereditary basis of individual differences is:

Answer 64

pharmacogenetics

Question 65

the placebo effects is a:

Answer 65

psychological variable

Question 66

idiosyncratic reactions occur the ___ time a drug is given to a patient.

Answer 66

first

Question 67

the body's process of transforming drugs is called:

Answer 67

metabolism

Question 68

drugs that increase activity of metabolizing enzymes in the liver cause:

Answer 68

enzyme induction

Question 69

circulatory disorders are generally characterized by ___ blood flow to one or more organs

Answer 69

decreased

Question 70

a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are below normal is known as:

Answer 70

hypothyroidism

Question 71

an enzyme is a complex____ that catalyzes chemical reactions into other substances.

Answer 71

protein

Question 72

an unexpected adverse effect to a drug the first time it is given to a patient is considered what type of reaction?

Answer 72

idiosyncrasy

Question 73

commonly used drugs such as acetaminophen and aspirin can produce:

Answer 73

HEPAtotoxicity

Question 74

what is the ability of a substance to cause abnormal fetal development when given to pregnant women?

Answer 74

TERAtogenicity