Pharmacology 2

Question 1

When drug activity is at the site of administration

Answer 1

Local effect

Question 2

When a drug is introduced into the venous (circulatory) system and carried to the site of activity

Answer 2

Systemic effect

Question 3

The breaking apart of a tablet into smaller pieces

Answer 3

Disintegration

Question 4

When smaller pieces of a disintegrated tablet dissolve in solution

Answer 4

Dissolution

Question 5

The pH scale measures the acidity or the opposite (alkalinity) of a substance. 7 is neutral on the scale, values below which represent increasing acidity, and above which represent increasing alkalinity.

Answer 5

pH

Question 6

a clear, not necessarily colorless, liquid made up of one or more ingredients dissolved in a solvent.

Answer 6

Solution

Question 7

A liquid that can dissolve another substance to form a solution.

Answer 7

Solvent

Question 8

Water based and most common kind of oral solution

Answer 8

Aqueous solutions

Question 9

Solutions that predominately contain solvents other than water, either alone or in addition to water. Ex: glycerin, alcohol, and propylene glycol can be used in oral solutions

Answer 9

Nonaqueous solutions

Question 10

Concentrated or nearly saturated solutions of sucrose in water. More viscous (thicker) than water, and contain less than 10% alcohol.

Answer 10

Syrups

Question 11

Clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use. Its alcohol ranges from 5-40% (10-80 proof)

Answer 11

Elixirs

Question 12

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of nonvolatile substances. Its potent drugs have 10g of the drug in each 100ml.

Answer 12

Tinctures

Question 13

Formulations in which the drug does not completely dissolve in the solvent.

Answer 13

Suspensions

Question 14

A stabilising agent in emulsions

Answer 14

Emulsifer

Question 15

Under the tongue

Answer 15

Sublingual

Question 16

Painful swollen veins in the anal/rectal area, generally caused by strained bowel movements from hard stools.

Answer 16

Hemorrhoid

Question 17

Ingredients in a formulation designed to control the pH

Answer 17

Buffer system

Question 18

Sterile condition is one which is free of all microorganisms, both harmful and harmless.

Answer 18

Sterile

Question 19

Administrated directly into veins

Answer 19

Intravenous injections

Question 20

Administrated into muscle tissue and generally result in a slower onset but longer duration of action compared to IV administration.

Answer 20

Intramuscular injections

Question 21

Administered into the subcutaneous tissue of the skin.

Answer 21

Subcutaneous injection

Question 22

Administered into the top layer of the skin at a slight angle using short needles

Answer 22

Intradermal injections

Question 23

Upper limit of the therapeutic window

Answer 23

Minimum toxic concentration (MTC)

Question 24

Drug’s blood concentration range between its MEC and MTC

Answer 24

Therapeutic window

Question 25

The movement of drugs from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; cellular energy is required.

Answer 25

Active transport

Question 26

Water repelling; cannot associate with water

Answer 26

Hydrophobic

Question 27

Capable of associating with or absorbing water

Answer 27

Hydrophilic

Question 28

Fat like substance

Answer 28

Lipoidal

Question 29

The attachement of a drug molecule to a plasma or tissue protein, effectively making the drug inactive, but also keeping it within the body.

Answer 29

Protein binding

Question 30

Condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are above normal

Answer 30

Hyperthyroidism

Question 31

Chronic liver disease causing loss of function

Answer 31

Cirrhosis

Question 32

Inflammatory condition of the liver caused by viruses

Answer 32

Acute viral hepatitis

Question 33

Obstruction of the bile duct that cause hepatic waste products and bile to accumulate in the liver

Answer 33

Obstructive jaundice

Question 34

Unintended side effect of a medication that is negative or in some way injurious to a patient's health

Answer 34

Adverse drug reaction

Question 35

Potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction producing severe respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse.

Answer 35

Anaphylactic shock

Question 36

The ability of a substance to cause cancer

Answer 36

Carcinogenicity

Question 37

Abnormal sensitivity generally resulting in an allergic reaction

Answer 37

Hypersensitivity

Question 38

Drug that is bound to a plasma protein is removed when another drug of greater binding potential binds go the same protein

Answer 38

Displacement

Question 39

Increase in hepatic enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs

Answer 39

Enzyme induction

Question 40

Decrease in hepatic enzyme activity that results in reduced metaoblism of drugs

Answer 40

Enzyme inhibition

Question 41

Summation in effect when two drugs with similar pharmacological actions are taken

Answer 41

Additive effects

Question 42

Drug that antagonizes the toxic effect of another

Answer 42

Antidote

Question 43

When one drug with no inherent activity of its own increases the activity or another drug that produce an effect.

Answer 43

Potentiation

Question 44

When two drugs with similar pharmacological actions produce greater effects than the sum of individual effects.

Answer 44

Synergism

Question 45

The state of equilibrium of the body

Answer 45

Homeostasis

Question 46

Chemicals released by nerves that interact with receptors to cause an effect

Answer 46

Neurotransmitter

Question 47

The pain from a painful medical condition is reduced or not felt

Answer 47

Analgesia

Question 48

Used to treat severe pain

Answer 48

Opiate-type narcotic

Question 49

Are both analgesia and anti-inflammatory

Answer 49

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)

Question 50

Reduces fever

Answer 50

Antipyretic

Question 51

Cause an absence of sensation or pain

Answer 51

Anesthetics

Question 52

Block pain conduction from peripheral nerves to the central nervous system without causing a loss of conciousness.

Answer 52

Local anesthetics

Question 53

Overdose of anesthesia that paralyzes the respiratory and heart centers of the medulla, leading to death

Answer 53

Medullary paralysis (Stage IV) Four Stages of General Anesthesia

Question 54

The stage of anesthesia in which surgery can be safely conducted

Answer 54

Surgical Anesthesia (Stage III)

Question 55

Increase in sympathetic nervous system effects such as blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate

Answer 55

Excitement (Stage II)

Question 56

Euphoria with loss of pain and consciousness

Answer 56

Analgesia (Stage I)