Pharmacology

Question 1

analgesics

Answer 1

relieve pain without loss of consciousness

Question 2

fastest absorption

Answer 2

small intestine bc more surface area and greater permeability

Question 3

main site of metabolism

Answer 3

liver

Question 4

opioid analgesics

Answer 4

decrease perception of pain rather than reduce the painful stimulus
used in combinations during surgery
examples:
morphine, codeine, demerol, percocet, vicodin, oxycodone

Question 5

opioid analgesics side effects

Answer 5

histamine release- can cause itching,orthostatic hypotension, flushing due to vasodilation
rapid onset of marked euphoria (abused)
withdrawal can cause rebound pain, tachycardia, increase blood pressure, agitation
CNS depression may lead to respiratory depression

Question 6

opioid contraindications

Answer 6

allergies
asthma or rest insufficiency
intracranial pressure
pregnancy
convulsive disorders
cardiac arrythmias

Question 7

opioid drug interactions

Answer 7

alcohol- CNS resp depression
smoking- decrease effectiveness
diuretics-othostatic hypotension
tricycline antidepressants-constipation, urinary retention

Question 8

nonopioid analgesics

Answer 8

salicyclates (asprin)
tylenol
NSAIDS

Question 9

salicyclates side effects

Answer 9

GI erosion/bleeding, metabolic acidosis, resp acidosis, tinnitus

Question 10

salicyclates

Answer 10

aspirin, not an NSAID or anticoagulant, mild to moderate pain

Question 11

acetaminophen

Answer 11

tyenol
not an NSAID bc lack of anti-inflammatory
is potentially lethal when overdosed
DRUG OF CHOICE FOR OA

Question 12

NSAIDs

Answer 12

ibuprofen
anti fever, anti clotting, analgesic, anti inflammatory
mild to moderate pain, gout, inflammatory disorders
benefit muscle and tendon healing, may impair one and cartilage healing
not used in 3rd trimester of pregnancy or when breast feeding
may displace coumadin

Question 13

NSAIDS side effects

Answer 13

gi bleeding, decreased platelet aggregation, renal disease

Question 14

NSAIDS drug interactions

Answer 14

oral coagulants- hemmorrhage, GI
diuretics- renal failure
herbals-increase anticoagulant effect
steroids- gi bleeding.ulcer

Question 15

corticosteroids

Answer 15

potent anti inflammaroty

examples- dexamethasonr, hydrocortisones, prednisone

Question 16

corticosteroids side effects

Answer 16

cushings syndromes, hypertension, hypokalemia, hypernaturemia, myopathy, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, tissue weakness, stunt growth in kids

Question 17

PT implications corticosteroids

Answer 17

avoid overstretching bc weakened by prolonged used
skin breakdown
weight bearing activities encouraged
monitor BP
increased susceptibility to infection

Question 18

muscle relaxants

Answer 18

normalize muscle excitability to decrease pain and improve motor function (spasms, spasticity)
combined with NSAIDS
examples: flexeril, valium

Question 19

muscle relaxant side effects

Answer 19

drowsiness, dizziness, headche, nausea

Question 20

DMARDS

Answer 20

disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs
modify immune responses
decrease inflammation but NOT anti-inflammatory
examples: cyclosporine

Question 21

beta blockers

Answer 21

treat hypertension and slow down heart rate and lower blood pressure
pt might not reach their target HR

Question 22

digitalis

Answer 22

strengthen the force of contractions in weakened hearts and control a fib
may enhance exercise capacity