Knee anatomy/pathology

Question 1

tibiofemoral joint capsular pattern

Answer 1

flexion > extension

Question 2

closed packed position tibiofemoral

Answer 2

full ext

Question 3

tibiofemoral open packed position

Answer 3

25 degrees flexion

Question 4

knee flexion

Answer 4

post glide of tibia on femur

Question 5

knee ext

Answer 5

ant glide of tibia on femur

Question 6

medial surface of patella

Answer 6

odd facets

Question 7

60 degress

Answer 7

patella has least contact and most force

Question 8

MCL

Answer 8

restrains valgus

Question 9

LCL

Answer 9

restrains varus

Question 10

ACL

Answer 10

resists ant translation at 30 and 90

Question 11

arcuate complex

Answer 11

arcuate ligament
lateral collateral lig
poplietus tendon
lat head of gastrocnemius
biceps femoris

Question 12

medial menisci

Answer 12

C shaped

injured more often bc less mobile

Question 13

lat menisci

Answer 13

O shaped

Question 14

Q angle avg

Answer 14

10-15
males 8-14
females 15-17

Question 15

external rotation collaterals are ? cruciates are?

Answer 15

taut

lax

Question 16

internal rotation collaterals are? cruciates are?

Answer 16

lax

taut

Question 17

knee ext arthrokinematics

Answer 17

tibial condyles slide/roll ant
patella slides sup
during last 15-20 degrees, tibia rotates externally on femur
fibular head moves post

Question 18

tibial internal rotation arthrokinetmatics

Answer 18

post horn of the lateral meniscus is compressed
tension on ant horn of lat meniscus
lat meniscus moves post
medial meniscus moves ant

Question 19

knee extension arthrokinetmatics

Answer 19

femoral condyles roll ant and slide post
near end ext, femur rotates internally on tibia
patella slides sup and lat
menisci move ant

Question 20

greatest force knee flexion closed chain

Answer 20

60 degrees

Question 21

open kinetic chain

Answer 21

lowest force, highest contact 90-40 knee flexion
highest force, terminal 30 degrees of knee extension (avoid with exercise)
increased force on ACL 0-25 knee ext
increased force PCL >30 flexion

Question 22

closed kinetic chain

Answer 22

lowest force 0-30 knee flexion
use caution 90-50 flexion where PJRF greater
increased force PCL >65 flexion

Question 23

genu varus associated with

Answer 23

DJD

Question 24

genu values associated with

Answer 24

RA

Question 25

risk factors of OA

Answer 25

occupation
older age
female 
obesity
previous injury or surgery

Question 26

complications with TKA

Answer 26

DVT
infection
nerve problems
periprosthetic fractures

Question 27

1st degree ligament injury

Answer 27

minimal damage

minimal functional loss

Question 28

2nd degree ligament injury

Answer 28

partial tearing and separation of fibers

functional compromise

Question 29

3rd degree ligament injury

Answer 29

full tear

needs prolonged protection

Question 30

unhappy triad

Answer 30

ACL
MCL
medial meniscus

Question 31

ACL

Answer 31

usually non contact injury
valgus stress, rotational, foot fixed, tibial medial rotation with hyperextension
immediate dysfunction, swelling max in 12 hours
must get full ext within 2 weeks
do not perform open chain short or long arc quad exercises

Question 32

ACL most vunerable

Answer 32

4 weeks after repair, EDUCATE patient

Question 33

PCL

Answer 33

MVA “dash board injury” or fall on hyper flexed knee
pop
minimal swelling
MRI

Question 34

meniscus

Answer 34

medial more injured
WB, turn or twist
swelling, pop, click with pain along joint line

Question 35

bakers cyst

Answer 35

common in athletes

large mass in popliteal space

Question 36

infra patellar fat pad

Answer 36

hoffas syndrome
ant knee pain
pain with ext and hypertext
NOT painful with knee flexion

Question 37

osgood schlatter disease

Answer 37

apophysitis of tibial tubercle
8-13 females 10-15 males
25-33 bilateral
self limiting

Question 38

sindig larson johanson syndrome

Answer 38

apophysitis of inf pole of patella
boys 10-13
cause limping after exercise
relieved by rest