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MED 1022 Wks 7-12 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

beta blocker AE

A

nightmares, exercisee intolerance

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1
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Eye drops for glaucoma

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2
Q

ca blocker AE

A

peripheral oedema, GORD-gastro oesophageal reflux disease

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3
Q

glyceryl trinitrate/nitrates AE

A

interacts with sildenofil, hypotension

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4
Q

digoxin AE

A

visual disturbances, hypokalaemia, arrythmic (causes U waves)

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5
Q

ACE inhibitor AE

A

dry cough- switch to ARB

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6
Q

diuretic AE

A

hypokalaemia

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7
Q

asthma NO:

A

B blocker, no NSAIDS

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8
Q

for SVT use:

A

adenosine

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9
Q

Nitrates adverse effects

A

headache
hypotension-fainting
tachycardia
flushing

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10
Q

B SCARED

AE for beta blocker

A

bradycardia

sleep disturbance/NIGHTMARES
cold hands
asthamatics (bronchoconstriction)
rebound angina/HT-hypertension- upon withdrawal
EXERCISE INTROLERANCE
depression/sedation
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11
Q

uses of beta blocker

A

angina -prevnetative
hypertension -not 1st line
stable heart failure
arrythymias

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12
Q

digoxin used for

A

AF (A fib)

HF

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13
Q

K+ channel blockers used for

A

SVT
ectopic focus
ventricular tachycardia

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14
Q

Beta blockers used for -in arrythimias

A

Afib/flutter

post MI

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15
Q

A fib-use wat

A

DIGOXIN, ca blocker, beta blocker

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16
Q

paroxysmal SVT-use wat?

A

adenosine, verapamil

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17
Q

V fib-use wat?

A

lignocaine (post MI), beta blcoker/k channel blocker for prevention

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18
Q

bradycardia-use wat?

A

acute: atropine, adrenaline, isoprenaline
crhonic: stop meds, pacemaker

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19
Q

defibrillation for wat?

A

ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia

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20
Q

atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist= increase sympa effects

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21
Q

hypercholesterolemia-use wat>

A

STATIN (atorvastatin)
resin,
ezetimibe, niacin,
fibrate

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22
Q

hypertriglyceridemia -use wat?

A

FIBRATE (gemifibrozil)
niacin
fish oil

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23
Q

histamine, bradykinin

A

CAUSE pain

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24
Q

postaglandin

A

POTENTIATE pain

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25
Q

blcoks COX 1

A

low dose aspirin

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26
Q

blcosk COX 2

A

paracetamol, meloxicam, celeoxib (increase risk of MI)

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27
Q

block both cox 1 and 2

A

hihg dose aspirin, most NSAIDS

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28
Q

SE of aspirin poisoning/salicylism

A 
tinnitus
deafness
headache
confusion
convulsion
coma 
death
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29
Q

management of aspirin poisoning

A

forced alkaline diuresis, charcoal, haemodialysis

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30
Q

opioids MOA

A 
bind to opioid receptor
K+ channel stimulated (open)
Ca2+ channel inhibited (close)
=hyperpolarise cell
=less neurotransmitter
=less pain message sent
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31
Q

opioids SE

A 
constipation
sedation
nausea
vomiting
addiction
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32
Q

opioids effects

A 
analgesia
euphoria/dysphoria
resp depression
sedation
pupil constriction
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33
Q

opioid targets

A
  • spinal cord (substantia gelatinosa)

- pereaqueductal gray (brain)

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34
Q

morphine

A

severe pain, last 3-6 hrs

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35
Q

pethidine

A

childbieth

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36
Q

codeine

A

high dose-mod -severe pain

low dose- cough suppression

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37
Q

destromethorphan

A

cough suppresion

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38
Q

tramadol

A

enhance 5-HT transmission

chronic pain

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39
Q

naloxone

A

opioid antagonist-used for opioid overdose/only work on ppl with hyperalgesia

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40
Q

local anaes-blocking order

A 
pain
cold
warmth
touch
deep pressure
motor
41
Q

local anaes block wat state of N channel?

A

open and inactive

42
Q

local anaes use with wat?

A

vasoconstrictors (adrenaline, felypressin) -but not in fingers/toes/penis cos will get ischemia and necrosis

43
Q

LA:

unionised= …. lipoplilcity

A

unionised= high lipophilicity

44
Q

LA:

in acidosis

A 
decrease effect 
(decrease ph, increase ionised , get into cell less)
45
Q

LA: want … to get in. want … to work inside cell

A

want unionised to get in. want ionised to work in cell.

46
Q

LA: …. determines potency

A

lipophilicity

47
Q

types of LA

A

ester:amethocaine

amide-bupivicaine, lignocaine

48
Q

amethocaine

A

spinal n corneal anaes

short half life

49
Q

bupivicaine

A

epidural anaes (pregnancy

50
Q

lignocaine

A

local anaes- (gen surgery)

long

51
Q

LA side effects- CNS

A 
resp depression
metaliic taste
tongue numb
shivering
restlessness
52
Q

LA side effects-CVS

A

myocardial depression/conduction blcok
vasodialiotion
togez= decrease bp, death

53
Q

glucocorticoid
MOA
transactivation

A

increased lipocortin-1 = annexin 1 (PLA2 inhibitor

phospholipase A2 inhibiiotr)

54
Q

glucocorticoid
MOA
transpression

A

decrease cytokine
decrease interleukin
decrease prostanoids
decrease COX

55
Q

zona glom

A

makes mineral corticoids (aldosterone)

kidney salt water balance

56
Q

zona fas

A 
makes glucocorticoids
carbo, protein metabolism,
immunosuppresssion
antiinflamatory
regulatory
57
Q

zona ret

A

makes androgens (e.g. testosterone)

58
Q

core drug
steroids
1

A

prednisolone

-asthma n ms etc

59
Q

core drug
steroid
2

A

dexamethasone
infla of eye,
RA

60
Q

core drug
steroid
3

A

fluticasone

asthma preventer

61
Q

steroid SE

A 
increase risk of diabetes/hyperglycaemia
growth suppression
osteoporosis
hypertension
increase risk of infection
62
Q

RA

A

severe jnt inflammation
more common in females
linked to smoking

63
Q

DMARD drugs

A

methotrexate
sulfasalazine
infliximab
leflunomide

64
Q

methotrexate

A

folate agonist

cause increase adenosine

also for cancer

AE: git disturbance
myelosuppresion
hepatotoxicity

65
Q

sulfasalazine

A

decrease cytokine production n decrease inflammatory respond

AE: git disturbance
decrease sperm count
myelosuppression

66
Q

leflunomide

A

pyrimidine synthesis inhib

AE diarrhoea, hair loss (alopecia)

67
Q

infliximab

A

blcok TNF alpha (a proinflammatory cytokine)

68
Q

gout drugs

A

allopurinol

colchicine

69
Q

allopurinol

A

inhibit xanthine oxidase= decrease uric acid production

AE: itchy, rash

Interaction: amoxyliiin, ampicillin -may increase risk of rash

70
Q

colchicine

A

binds to tubulin,
disrupt cytoskeleton assembly,
neutrophil down
=decrease leukocyte migration to jnt

AE -nausea, vomiting, diarrohea (git stuff-high turnover cells)

71
Q

ACE inhibitor MOA

A

angiotensin 1 X angiotensin 2
vasodialition, decrease BP

perindopril

72
Q

angiotensin 2 receptro blcoker (ARB/sartan) MOA

A

block angiotensin 2 receptor,
less vasoconstriction, decrease bp

irbessartan

73
Q

diuretic MOA

A

blcok Na+/K+/2Cl- carrier
decrease blood volume n pressure

frusemide
hydrocholoro thiazide
spironolactone (increase K + in body)

74
Q

nitrates MOA

A

vasodilation

in veins, arteries n coronary arteries

75
Q

beta blocker MOA

A

blocks beta 1 adrenoreceptor
decrease sympa drive to heart

atenolol
propanolol

76
Q

ca channel blocker MOA

A

verapamil-centrally -decrease BP, decrease heart rate (slow down SA firing n AV conduction, decrease force of contraction of heart)

amlodipine -peripheral-vasodialtion -decrease bp, reflex compensatory increase HR

77
Q

digoxin

A

inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase

increase contraction force (HF)
slow down AV node, stimulates vagal activity ( AFib)

78
Q

Na+ channel blcoker

A

slow down HR
block phase 0
longer to reach peak of castle

lignocaine- vent arrhythmias-eg after MI

79
Q

beta blocker for arrhythmia

A

decrease sympa on heart
decrease sympa on SA n AV node
(decrease SA firing, AV conductionn)= decrease BP

longer funny current (phase 4)

atenolol,
propanolol

80
Q

K channel blocekr

A

stretched out castle
(longer phase 3)
decrease heart rate

sotalol, amiodarone

81
Q

beta blocker arrhythmia indication

A

afib, Flut

post MI

82
Q

ca channel blocker for arrythymia

A

verapamil, diltiazem (non DHP)

verapamil
used orally for AF, prevent occurrence of paroxysmal super ventricular tachcardia

83
Q

adenosine

A

hyperpolarises cardiac conducting tissue
slow AV node via A1 receptor

Promptconversionofsupraventriculartachycardiato
sinus rhythm

84
Q

statin MOA

A

blcok HMG CoA reductase enzyme
incrase LDL receptr
incrase choles clearance

atorvastatin

85
Q

fibrates MOA

A

act on PPAR alpha recep
stimimulate LPL enzyme
increase hepatic LDL uptake

gemfibrozil

86
Q

resin MOA

A

bind to bile
not enough bile
suck up more chiles from circulation

87
Q

ezetimibe MOA

A

inhibit choles absorption at GIT

88
Q

niacin MOA

A

inhibit VLDL secretion from liver

89
Q

nsaids

A

block COX

antiflam
analgesic
antipyretic
weak antithrom

90
Q

DMARDS for wat disease

A

RA

91
Q

DMARDS drugs

A

methtrexate
sulfasalazine
infliximab
leflunomide

92
Q

gout drugs

A

allopurinol

colchicine

93
Q

allopurinol MOA

A

inhibit xanthine oxidase

make less uric acid

94
Q

colchicine mOA

A

bind to tubulin
dusrupt cytokseleton
neutrophil screwwed
increase leukocyte migration tojnt

95
Q

botulism

A

cuts SNAP -25

can’t dock

96
Q

Wheezing, bradycardia, low BP. which drug?

A
  • beta blocker, atenolol
97
Q

Overdose on beta blocker causes?

A
  • HF, bradycardia, pulmonary depression
98
Q

AMIODARONE

A

K channel blocker

99
Q

side effect of organophosphate poisoning/too much anticholinesterase= too much ACH

A 
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diahorra
G I upset
Emesis
100
Q

gemifibrozil

A

fibrate

MED 1022 Wks 7-12 (15 decks)

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