heart Flashcards
tunica initima
endothelial cells n basement membrane
release chemicals to control diameter of vessel
tunica media
smooth muscle- control diameter by contracting/relaxing
elastic tissue- determine elasticity aka stretch n recoil of vessels
tunica adventitia/externa
loose collagen fibres
protects vessels
anchors vessels to surrounding s
noradrenaline
act on alpha receptor
cause constriction of arteriole
adrenaline
act on alpha receptors= constrict arteriole
act on beta recepotrs= dilate arteriole
angiotensisn 2, vasopressin
constrict arteriole
atrial naturietic peptide, bradykinin
dilate arteriole
Left Heart Failure
pulmonary oedema
Right Heart Failure
peripheral oedema
innervation
Referred pain is to the T1 dermatome -right shoulder..
transverse pericardial sinus
aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behind
Oblique pericardial sinus
behind the heart, allows access to the oesophagus through the pericardium or vice versa . bounded anteriorly by left ventricle
left recurrent LARYNGEAL NERVE
loops undeer aorta and right subclavian
Great cardiac vein
with LAD
Middle cardiac vein
with PIV
Small cardiac vein
right marginal artery
Most of RV drains into RA, but not through
coronary sinus.
Tetralogy of Fallot
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
- Overriding aorta
- VSD (ventricular septal defect)
• PFO (patent foramen ovale
wen foramen ovale doesn’t closes.bw atriums
• PDA (patent ductus arteriosus
wen ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth (bw aorta n pulmonary trunck)
cardiac tamponade
more fluid in pericardial sac than should be -eg bleeding into there
tricuspid valve-
IV drug users
Valvular • Incompetency/insufficiency
leaflets do not close properly – valve leaks, may prolapse – regurgitation.
valvular stenosis
abnormal narrowing/thickening/ stiffening of valve – blood is forced out but cannot get out as effectively – hypertrophy caused over time.
angina- type of pain
pressure, squeezing, burning, or tightness
complications of atherosclerosis
calcification within plaque rupture of surface of plaque haemorrhage into plaque aneurysmal dilation of vessel wall get fatty streak atheromatous plaque
Aortic Stenosis Disease
– Angina
– Syncope
– Dyspnoea
aortic stenosis
narrowing of aortic valve
aortic coarctation
narrowing of aorta like anywhere
