Pharmacology Flashcards
Signs of TCA OD and treatment?
Large pupils, Coma, hypothermia, arrhythmias
Treat: IV HCO3-, antiarrhythmics
Signs of OD of BZPs and treatment?
Drowsiness/coma, ataxia, hypotonia, hypotension
Treat –> Activated charcoal and Flumazenil (BZP specific antagonist)
Why are alcoolics more at risk of paracetemol OD?
Reduced levels of glutathione –> higher levels of the toxic metabolite
Wha are OD signs of paracetemol?
<24hrs = Anorexia and vomiting
3-5 days = hepatic necrosis, abdo pain, bruising and hypo/hyperglycaemia
Treatment for paracetemol OD?
Activated charcol w/in 1hr and N-acetyl cysteine with 8 hrs
Signs of OD with opiates and treatment?
Coma, bradycardia, miosis, bradypnoea.
Treatment: Naloxone
Signs of OD of B- Blocker and treatment?
Bradycardia
Treatment: Glucagon
Digoxin OD signs and treatment?
Xanthopsia, compltete heart block, N&V and anorexia
Treat: digoxin specific antibody
Signs of salicylates OD and treatment?
Resp alkalosis (hyperventilation), tinnitus, sweating, vasodilation, lethargy
TreatL: Activated charcoal, Iv HCO3-, Haemodialysis
What are the targets for antiviral drugs?
Target attachment
Target uncoating
Target replication
Target release
What is Aciclovir?
Antiviral used vs. Herpes simplex & varicella zoster
What is the mechanism of action of Aciclovir?
Metabolised into active form by viral enzyme inside infected cells
Terminates DNA chain formation (mimics guanosine)
What is Ganciclovir used for and what is its mechanism of action?
Cytomegalovirus
Activated by cells and terminates viral DNA –> side effects as affects non-infected cells too
How does Oseltamivir (tamiflu) work?
Inhibits neuramidase, the protein required for membrane budding and virus release
What is a PPI and what is its mechanism of action?
Proton pump inhibitor- e.g. Omeprazole
Irreversibly binds to proton pump reducing gastric acid secretion
What is Ranitidine’s mechanism of action?
H2-receptor agonist, prevents Histamine from binding to parietal cell H2 receptors –> redices gastric acid secretion
What are the excretion routes for PPIs and H2-receptor antagonists?
PPI= Hepatic H2s= Renal
What is Mesalazine and what is it used for?
5-ASA
Used to induce and maintain remission of IBD
What is Amlodipine and what is it used for?
Ca2+ channel blocker used in stable angina management.
What is Amlodipine’s mode of action?
Inhibits Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle and myocardium = vasodilation and \/ cardiac contractility
What are b-blockers used for and e.g.?
Reducing BP, stable angina management
Bisoprolol, Timolol
What is the mechanism of action of b-blockers?
Inhibit b-adrenergic receptors reducing cardiac contractility & causing vasodilation
What are penicillins useful against?
G +ve cocci
G -ve cocci/bacilli
Spirochetes
What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins and example?
Disrupt the cell wall synthesis
Cephadrine, Cephalexin
Cefuroxime
Cefotaxime
