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Revision > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

Signs of TCA OD and treatment?

A

Large pupils, Coma, hypothermia, arrhythmias

Treat: IV HCO3-, antiarrhythmics

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1
Q

Signs of OD of BZPs and treatment?

A

Drowsiness/coma, ataxia, hypotonia, hypotension

Treat –> Activated charcoal and Flumazenil (BZP specific antagonist)

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2
Q

Why are alcoolics more at risk of paracetemol OD?

A

Reduced levels of glutathione –> higher levels of the toxic metabolite

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3
Q

Wha are OD signs of paracetemol?

A

<24hrs = Anorexia and vomiting

3-5 days = hepatic necrosis, abdo pain, bruising and hypo/hyperglycaemia

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4
Q

Treatment for paracetemol OD?

A

Activated charcol w/in 1hr and N-acetyl cysteine with 8 hrs

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5
Q

Signs of OD with opiates and treatment?

A

Coma, bradycardia, miosis, bradypnoea.

Treatment: Naloxone

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6
Q

Signs of OD of B- Blocker and treatment?

A

Bradycardia

Treatment: Glucagon

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7
Q

Digoxin OD signs and treatment?

A

Xanthopsia, compltete heart block, N&V and anorexia

Treat: digoxin specific antibody

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8
Q

Signs of salicylates OD and treatment?

A

Resp alkalosis (hyperventilation), tinnitus, sweating, vasodilation, lethargy

TreatL: Activated charcoal, Iv HCO3-, Haemodialysis

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9
Q

What are the targets for antiviral drugs?

A

Target attachment
Target uncoating
Target replication
Target release

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10
Q

What is Aciclovir?

A

Antiviral used vs. Herpes simplex & varicella zoster

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Aciclovir?

A

Metabolised into active form by viral enzyme inside infected cells

Terminates DNA chain formation (mimics guanosine)

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12
Q

What is Ganciclovir used for and what is its mechanism of action?

A

Cytomegalovirus

Activated by cells and terminates viral DNA –> side effects as affects non-infected cells too

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13
Q

How does Oseltamivir (tamiflu) work?

A

Inhibits neuramidase, the protein required for membrane budding and virus release

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14
Q

What is a PPI and what is its mechanism of action?

A

Proton pump inhibitor- e.g. Omeprazole

Irreversibly binds to proton pump reducing gastric acid secretion

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15
Q

What is Ranitidine’s mechanism of action?

A

H2-receptor agonist, prevents Histamine from binding to parietal cell H2 receptors –> redices gastric acid secretion

16
Q

What are the excretion routes for PPIs and H2-receptor antagonists?

A 
PPI= Hepatic
H2s= Renal
17
Q

What is Mesalazine and what is it used for?

A

5-ASA

Used to induce and maintain remission of IBD

18
Q

What is Amlodipine and what is it used for?

A

Ca2+ channel blocker used in stable angina management.

19
Q

What is Amlodipine’s mode of action?

A

Inhibits Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle and myocardium = vasodilation and \/ cardiac contractility

20
Q

What are b-blockers used for and e.g.?

A

Reducing BP, stable angina management

Bisoprolol, Timolol

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of b-blockers?

A

Inhibit b-adrenergic receptors reducing cardiac contractility & causing vasodilation

22
Q

What are penicillins useful against?

A

G +ve cocci
G -ve cocci/bacilli
Spirochetes

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins and example?

A

Disrupt the cell wall synthesis

Cephadrine, Cephalexin
Cefuroxime
Cefotaxime

24
Q

What are the side effects of macrolides?

A

D&V
Liver dysfunction
Arrhythmias
Inhibit hepatic metabolism of warfarin & statins

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides? Examples?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

Erythromycin
Clarthromycin

26
Q

What is the mechanism of Quinolones and examples?

A

Inhibit DNA coiling

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

27
Q

What are quinolones used against?

A

Broad spectrum- 2nd line

Pseudomonas

28
Q

What are the side effects of tetracyclines?

A

Photosensitivity

Tooth/bone discolouration

29
Q

Mechanism of action and examples of tetracyclines?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

Doxycycline
Oxytetracycline

30
Q

What are the side effects of aminoglycosides?

A

IV only
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity

31
Q

Examples of aminoglycosides and their mechanism of action?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

Gentamicin
Amikacin
Tobramicin

32
Q

How does trimethoprim work and what is it most commonly used for?

A

Inhibits folate production

Used in UTIs

33
Q

What is metronidazole used for?

A

Anaerobic infections

  • Abdo
  • GI
  • Peritoneal
34
Q

What are the side effects of metronidazole?

A

Alcohol interaction
Rash
Metallic taste

35
Q

What are the drugs used in TB?

A 
RIPE:
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
36
Q

What are the side effects and interactions of rifampicin?

A

Induces p450

Changes body secretions orange

37
Q

What are the side effects of glycopeptides and and example?

A

Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
‘Red man syndrome’

E.g. Vancomycin

Revision (12 decks)

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